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W.H. Mid-term Review
Heiler Meek--- World History Mid-Term Review
| Side A | Side B |
|---|---|
| pharaoh | One of the various titles of Egyptian monarchs, the most popular (meant "great house" or "palace") |
| Fertile Crescent | an arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf; held Mesopotamia |
| polis | the early Greek city-state |
| democracy | government by the people, either directly or through their elected representatives |
| Zeus | one of the 12 chief gods that Greeks thought to live on Mount Olympus; the chief god and father of the gods |
| oracle | in ancient Greece, a sacred shrine where a god or goddess was said to reveal the future through a priest or priestess |
| Sparta | one of the two most famous and most powerful Greek city-states |
| Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II; Macedonian king who conquered as far east as India and as far west and named conquered cities Alexandria after himself. |
| Iliad and the Odyssey | written by Homer; two of the most famous Greek epic poems |
| Persia | |
| monotheistic | having one god |
| Senate(Rome) | in the Republic of Rome, 300 patricians who served for life; advised govt. officials |
| Julius Caesar | a member of ancient Rome's first triumvirate; had military control in Spain, was later murdered |
| Constantine | Rome's first Christian emperor |
| triumvirate | a government by three people with equal power |
| Pleibeians | in the Roman Republic, the social class made up by minor landholders, small farmers, craftspeople, and merchants |
| vernacular | the language of everyday speech in a particular region |
| Olmec | lived in the hot and swampy lowlands along coast of Gulf of Mexico; farmed along the muddy riverbanks |
| Aztec | migrated in 12th century B.C. to Valley of Mexico; capital was Tenochtitlan on Lake Texacoco |
| Nile River | begins in heart of Africa and courses northward for 4,000 mi.; longest river in the world |
| acropolis | in early Greek city-states, the site of temples or public buildings; at athe top of a hill |
| oligarchy | a form of govt. in which a small group of people exercises controls; "rule by the few" |
| communism | rule of a country by a dictator |
| hoplite | in the early Greek military system, heavily-armed foot soldiers |
| Mycenae | located near Troy; traded throughout the Aegean Sea; depicted in the "Iliad" |
| Athens | one of the two most-powerful Greek city-states |
| Hellenistic Age | an age that saw expansion of Greek language and ideas to the non-Greek world; Alexander the Great created it |
| Homer | wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous, Greek epic poems |
| polytheistic | having more than one god |
| republic | a form of govt. in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote |
| Jesus | Book definition: a Jewish prophet-- Real definition: The beloved Son of God and Savior of Man, whom words cannot even begin to describe and to glorify; my best friend |
| Pax Romana | a period of peace and prosperity; "Roman Peace" |
| Diocletian | Roman emperor; divided Rome into four parts to be governed |
| Patricians | great landowners who ruling class of the Roman republic |
| King Henry VIII | King of england during the English Reformation; wanted to divorce first wife because she did not give him a son |
| Investiture Controversy | |
| Maya | civilization that formed on Yucatan Peninsula from AD 300 to 900; temples, pyramids, the Mayan calendar |
| Inca | late 1300s AD, mountains of southern Peru. eventually conquered their entire region |
| Cortes | conquered the Incas in 1519; Spanish |
| Machu Picchu | grand Incan city that is now part of the Incan ruins |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance painter, sculptor, and architect |
| Martin Luther | began the Protestant Reformation in 16th century; Ninety-five theses |
| Ulrich Zwingli | a priest in Zurich,Sweden; Zwinglian Reformation leader |
| Middle Passage | the middle portion of the triangular trade route; the passage taken by slaves from Africa to America |
| Christopher Columbus | an Italian explorer who reached the Americas in 1492 |
| Puritans | |
| Huguenots | French Protestants in the 1400s |
| Thirty Years War | war in 1618 in lands of the Holy Roman Empire; a religious war between Germany, Sweden, France, Spain, and Denmark |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688; when William and Mary of Orange "invaded" England and became its new monarchs |
| John Locke | wrote "Two Treatises of Government" |
| Voltaire | one of the greatest figures of the Englightenment; "Treatise on Toleration" |
| Constitutional Convention | meeting in 1787 in which 55 delegates met to revise the Articles of the United states Constitution |
| Rene Descartes | French philosopher in the Scientific Revolution; Descatrtes and Reason |
| Articles of Confederation | |
| Enlightenment | an 18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals greatly impressed by the achievements of the Scientific Revolution |
| National Assembly | the U.S.'s first constitutionthe new name for France's Third Estate(Estates General)in 1789 |
| Maximilien Robespierre | head of the Committee of Public Safety |
| Taille | an anuual, direct tax that provided a regualr source of income for the French monarchy |
| Declaration of Rights of Man & the Citizen | the French constitution adopted by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789 |
| Directory | following the end of the Reign of Terror in France, a committee of 5 directors selectd byt the Council of Elders to act as the executive committee |
| Tenochtitlan | the Aztec capital |
| chinampas | |
| Erasmus | considered the best of all the Christian humanists |
| John Calvin | founded Calvinism; firm believer in predestination |
| mercantilism | set of principles that dominated economic thougtht in the 17th century |
| Ferdinand Magellan | the first explorer to circumnavigate the world |
| James I (divine right) | an English king who had a firm belief in divine right of kings |
| absolutism | A movement to end slavery |
| Edict of Nantes | 1598; recognized Catholicism as France's official religion but gave Huguenots certain rigths, such as rights to worship, have political privileges, and hold office |
| Peace of Westphalia | 1648; ended Thirty Years War |
| English Bill of Rights | England's first constitution |
| Montesquieu | "The Spirit of Laws" in 1748; described the 3 types og govt. |
| Treaty of Paris (French & Indian War) | ended the French and Indian War |
| Galileo | first European to make regualar observations of the heavens with a telescope |
| laissez-faire | concept that the state should not impose govt. regulations on teh economy |
| Treaty of Paris (American Revolution) | |
| scientific method | ideal steps that scientists should follow in practical experimentation; developed by Francis Bacon |
| Committee of Public Safety | headed by Robespierre; de-Christianized France during the French Revolution |
| Napoleon | dominated French and European history form 1799 to 1815; conquered most of europe for a short time |
| Estates General | France's First Estate and governing body |
| Jean-Paul Marat | regularly published a journal in France called "Friend of the People" |
| What did Martin Luther post on the door of Wittenberg Cathedral? | the Ninety-five Theses-- 95 things he saw wrong with the Catholic Church in Germany |
| What's an indulgence? | in the Catholic Church, release from all or part of the punishment for sin by payment |
| Who is North + South America named after? | Amerigo Vespucci |
| What island did Christopher Columbus first land on? | the Americas, where he explored Cuba |
| What was triangular trade? | a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas |
| Who wrote "The Prince"? | George Bull |
| What trading route did the Portugese control? | the slave trade |
| Waht does predestination mean? | that God knows already who will be saved and who will be condemned to Hell. |
| Who painted the Sistine Chapel? | Leonardo da Vinci |
| What was the result of the Peace of Augsburg? | |
| What did New Netherland change its name to after it became an English colony? | New York |
| What happened to Charles I during the English Civil War? | He was executed |
| Who was the leader of the Roundheads? Who was the leader of the Cavaliers? | Roundheads: Oliver Cromwell; Cavaliers: King Charles I of England |
| Who was Cardinal Richelieu? | Louis XIII of France's chief minister, strengthened the power of the monarchy |
| What contribution to science did Isaac Newton make? | He identified and defined the three laws of motion |
| What's the Ptolemaic system + how does it differ from the heliocentric model? | It portrays the universe as a series of concentric spheres; it depicts the Earth as the center of the universe, while the heliocentric model depicts the sun as the center |
| Waht contributions did Peter the Great make to Russian history? | |
| Why was George Washington considered a good general? | because of his great leadership, strategy, and victory at Valley Forge |
| What is Elba? | the island to which Napoleon was exiled to live upon until death after his fall from power |
| What is the Napoleonic Code? | a set of laws put in place by Napoleon that he said protected many rights and abolished serfdom |
| What was the site of Napoleon's final battle? | Waterloo |
| What was the main instrument of execution during the French Revolution? | the guillotine |
| What fate did Marie Antoinette encounter to end her life? | She was executed by guillotine |
| What's a coup d'etat? | a complete overthrow of govt. |
| Know the order of different govts. in France (King, Estates general,etc.) | ✓ |
| What happened to the Bastille? | It was stormed by Parisians at the very start of the French Revolution |
| What's the process of drying a dead body to preserve it from rotting (Egypt)? | mummification |
| How did physical geography facilitate trade among Greek colonies? | It allowed Greek colonies to get goods by trade that would not be found in their area. |
| What mountain range divides Italy's western + eastern halves? | the Appenine Mountains |
| Why did King Henry VIII want a divorce from his wife? | because she did not bear him a son |
| What issue was at the heart of the Investiture Controversy? | |
| What advantages did the Spanish have over the Aztecs + Incas once they arrived in the New World? | They had horses, and the two civilizations thought that the Spanish were gods, so they did everything in their power to accomodate them. |
| Portugal's major colony in the New World was what? | Brasil |
| What did Columbus think he would reach by sailing west? | Asia |
| What percent of France's population was Protestant? | about seven percent |
| Who was Francis Bacon? | an English philosopher who encouraged the use of inductive reasoning(precession in science from the particular to the general) and developed the scientific method, both during teh Scientific Revolution |
| What was the Grand Army? |
Created by:
hcmeek
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