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7th Grade History
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 47. Give several reasons why people explored and traveled. | 1. To find a shorter route to India. 2. To find new lands. 3. To find riches, such as gold. 4. To meet a challenge-such as sailing around the world. 5. To trade with other people. 6. To establish political control of new areas. |
| 47. Give several reasons why people explored and traveled. | 7. To convert people to Roman Catolicism. |
| 48. How were the people of the the African continent affected by exploration? | They were captured and used as slaves in the Indies, South America, and North America. |
| 1. What did the Europeans call China? | Cathay |
| 2. What other name was Prince Henry of Portugal called? | Prince Henry the Navigator |
| 3. What did Prince Henry do to provide men with the training they needed to sail the open seas? | He set up a school for navigation. |
| 4. What is an astrolabe? | An instrument used by sailors to measure the angle between the sun or a star and the horizon at a specific time of day or night. From this measure the sailor could find his latitude. |
| 5. What is dead reckoning? | Most early seamen decided what they thought their location was, estimated how fast they were travelling, looked at the ___, and aimed for a certain compass heading that they thought would get them to their goal. |
| 6. What are trade winds? | Belts of consistent winds that blow from east to west. Staring around 30 degrees in the northern hemisphere and 30 degrees in the southern hemisphere, they blow toward the equator. They blew the explorers across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| 7. What were two areas that travellers had to beware of? | horse latitudes and doldrums |
| 8. What are the doldrums? | An area of calm or light fluctuating winds along the equator. |
| 9. Describe a caravel. | A new type of ship designed by the Portuguese, sturdy enough for ocean travel, large enough to bring back a good cargo, had 3 masts, used both square and triangular sails to power and direct the ship. |
| 10. Which explorer rounded the tip of Africa without realizing it? | Bartolomeu Dias |
| 11. What did the Portuguese prove about reaching the East? | That they could reach the East by sailing south around Africa. |
| 12. What did the Portuguese find out about trading with the Indians? | They were surprised that the Indians rejected the items they brought. |
| 13. Which Portuguese explorer believed he could get to the East by sailing west? | Christopher Columbus |
| 14. Who did this Portuguese explorer convince that his plan to get to the East would work? | King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain |
| 15. What did Columbus hope to discover by sailing west? | A shorter route to China or the Indies. |
| 16. In what year did Columbus sail? | 1492 |
| 17. What 3 countries were the Vikings from? | Norway, Sweden, and Denmark |
| 17 b. What are these 3 coutries called collectively? | Scandinavia |
| 18. Where did the Vikings explore, and what did they do in these countries? | Ireland, England, France, Spain, and Italy. They burned and pillaged as they went. Some settled peaceably within some of those lands, Still others discovered new lands to possess for themselves such as Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland. |
| 19. What does the word skraelings mean, and who are they? | shrieker or war whoopers. Native Americans. |
| 20. Who was the first explorer to sail around the world? | Ferdinand Magellan |
| 21. What happened to him in the East Indies? What did his crew do? | He was killed. His crew completed the trip back to Spain. |
| 22. Which explorer was sent out by Queen Elizabeth of England? | Sir Francis Drake |
| 23. What does the word "pacific" mean, and who named the Pacific Ocean? | peace. Magellan |
| 24. What did most explorers recognize, even if they weren't Christians? | God's hand in creation. |
| 25. List the 3 types of people who travelled East and give a reason why each wanted to go there. | 1.Traders-hoped to gain wealth for themselves and their countries. 2.Government Officials-desired to establish political control of new areas. 3.Missionaries-sought to convert Hindus, Buddhists and others to Roman Catholicism. |
| 26. Were the colonists in the New World used to hard work or growing their own food? How did they solve this problem? | No. They got slves from Africa. |
| 27. Why was the concept of slavery not a new idea to the Africans? | Because they were slaves in Africa. |
| 28. Who described the people of Japan as the "Country at War"? | Francis Xavier |
| 29. What is the seppuku ceremony? | He killed himself by cutting out his intestines. |
| 30. Who were the shoguns and what did they do for Japan? | Strong leaders who united the country and brought peace through strict laws. |
| 31. What was the result for Japan when it closed its doors in 1650? | It kept Japan isolated for 200 years. |
| 32. For what two reasons did Spain send explorers to America? | 1. To find gold. 2. To conquer the people and convert them to Roman Catholicism. |
| 33. What were the Spanish explorers called? | conquistadors |
| 34. When Hernando Cortez discovered the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, what amazing thing did he find out about the city? | The city sat in the middle of a lake. |
| 35. What modern city is located where Tenochtitlan was? | Mexico City |
| 36. How did Montezuma respond to Cortes's asking for gold for his king? | He gave them bars and sheets of gold and jewels of gold and silver, featherwork, stones, and many other things of value. |
| 37. What did Cortes do to the Aztecs, and why? | Cortes massacred most of the Aztecs because they refused his leadership. |
| 38. What advantage did the Spanish have over the Aztecs? | Guns, armor and horses. |
| 39. What two things did Mayan pyramids serve as? Did it serve this purpose always or sometimes? | 1. Temples, always 2. Burial places for the kings, sometimes |
| 40. Name the three island groups in the Carribean and the location of each (center, south, or north). | 1. The Bahamas, north 2. Greater Antilles, center 3. Lesser Antilles, south |
| 41. Spanish is the main language spoken in Mainland Central America, except for ____ where _______ is the offical language. | Belize, English |
| 42. The Incas were skillful builders. Name two structures that they constructed. | 1. Two major highways 2. Long bridges which crossed steep valleys and ravines. |
| 43. Land was the INca's greatest natural resource. What did the Incas learn to do to help them farm the steep mountainsides? | They terraced it. |
| 44. What was the Inca capital? In what country was it located? | Cuzco, in southern Peru |
| 45. Name 3 things that happened when the Incas resisted the Spaniard's demands for more gold? | 1. Fought against them. 2. They killed the Inca emporer. 3. Pizarro made himself emporer. |
| 46. Why did the mighty Inca empire fall? | Because of greed. |
Created by:
LiseBrinkley
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