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2010 WHAP FInal
2010 WHAP Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What moved the human species towards a more elaborate society? | agriculture |
| What was the revolution that ocurred in 10,000 BCE, which included better tool use, somewhat more elaborate social organization, and more population pressure? | Neolithic Revolution |
| Who were the "mean people? | people who were at the lowest social level without any meaningful skills |
| The political structure of the Han Dynasty differed from that of the Qin Dynasty by stressing __________. | expansion of powers of the bureaucracy |
| What religion did Ashoka convert to and ultimately spread through India? | Buddhism |
| Indian spherical shrines to Buddha were called __________. | stupas |
| Who was India's greatest ruler during the Classical Era? | Ashoka |
| By 550 BCE, who established a massive Persian empire across the northern Middle Easy and into northwestern India? | Cyrus the Great |
| What type of government did Greece develop during 800-600 BCE? | city-states |
| What type of government was the Greek city-state of Sparta governed by? | oligarchy (singularly militaristic aristocracy) |
| What Mesopotamian civilization did Hammurabi's code come from? | Babylonian |
| What two religions had the most lasting impact on the society of India as a whole? | Hinduism & Buddhism |
| With which dynasty did the idea of the Mandate of Heaven begin? | Zhou |
| What was the most emphasized in Greek art? | human form |
| Why was Athenian philosopher, Socrates killed? | Athenian government thought he was undermining political loyalty |
| Why did Constantine adopt Christianity? | to unite the Roman Empire |
| Islam was not the first universalistic religion to take root in Africa, Christianity took root in __________. | Nubia & Ethiopia |
| Socrates encouraged _________. | using skeptical questioning to figure things out |
| Which of the following was not an aspect of the Qin Dynasty? | creation of the Mandate of Heaven |
| What is a stateless society? | no central political power, but ruled by local traditions |
| Which of the following was once a form of government in Ancient Greece? | democracy, oligarchy, tyranny, monarchy |
| What were the 12 Tables? | the first law codes of the Roman Republic |
| Why was the Roman Empire split into East and West? | They decided they couldn't control such a large empire. |
| Why did Christianity appeal as a worldwide religion? | It held similar beliefs to other major religious of the time and preached popular salvation. |
| What was one of the most famous buildings Justinian had built? | Hagia Sophia |
| What role did slaves play in Rome and Greece? | They performed household tasks such as the tutoring of children, worked in mines, and were also used for agricultural work. |
| Who defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Tours in 732? | Charles (The Hammer) Martel |
| What happened to Buddhism as it moved out of India? | It developed strong roots in East Asia, becoming the Mahayana strain of Buddhism. |
| What did the Magna Carta, or Great Charter, do? | It confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims and limited the king's power. |
| Characterize the Holy Roman Empire. | -not united under common nationality/language -split into Germany, Austria, Italy in the late 1800s -largest political unit of Middle Ages -power localized, didn't have strong centralized government; granted citizenship to men in conquered territories |
| What was the great metropolis capital city of the Aztec empire? | Tenochtitlan |
| __________ were beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames rooted to the lake floor built for agriculture. | chinampas |
| Aztec human sacrifice was performed __________. | to keep the universe going |
| How was Christianity primarily spread to Eastern Europe? | Orthodox missionaries were sent from Constantinople |
| Who was Justinian? | Byzantine emperor |
| What are the social aspects of the Arabs prior to the introduction of ISlam? | -slavery utilized -wealth/status based off of possession of animals, pasturage, and water rights -common incidences of feuds based on land/water rights -grouped into larger tribal units, but seldom lived together |
| What are the reasons that Islam was able to appeal to people of so many different cultures? | -strong sense of community in the ummah -universal elements in Islam -Muhammad's willingness to accept validity of earlier Judaic/Christian revelations -appeal of the Five Pillars of Faith |
| What are the reasons for political disruption of the Abbasid Empire prior to the rise of the Buyids? | -failure to establish principal of succession satisfactory to all parties -failure of an agricultural economy -difficulties of communication and moving armies over great distances of the empire -tendency of populations to retain regional identities |
| How was Islam spread to North Africa? | conquest |
| How was Islam spread to West Africa? | trade |
| What technological advancement was not from the Tang/Song dynasty? | paper |
| What was the attempt to remake the Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor called? | Taika reforms |
| Who administered examinations to students from the Chinese government schools? | Ministry of Rites |
| Who are the jinshi? | person who passed the very difficult exams on Chinese literature |
| What class was more attracted to Chan Buddhism? | the elite |
| What did the Jurchens do? | -founded the Qin Dynasty -succeeded the Liao from Northern China -annexed most of the Yellow River Basin -forced the Song to flee south |
| What are junks? | Chinese seafaring vessels |
| What did the samurais do? | protected their lord |
| What is a difference between the codes of the samurai and the codes of the knights? | ritual suicide |
| What is flying money? | credit vouchers given to merchants that could be presented for reimbursement |
| What is sinification? | the extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions, especially Korea & Japan |
| During which Chinese dynasty was Hangzhou called "the most noble and the best in the world"? | Song |
| What were the effects of footbinding? | -restricted freedom -causes pain -limited job opportunities -popular with the gentry class |
| What religion played a key role in the development of Korea and Vietnam? | Buddhism |
| What was the name of the ritual suicide practiced by Japan's elite warrior class? | Sepukku |
| A major difference between European and Japanese feudalism in medieval times was __________. | There were much fewer agricultural workers in Japan than Europe. |
| Wendi did all of the following: | -stuck an alliance between his daughter and the ruler of the northern Zhou empire -lowered taxes -established granaries -warded off famine |
| What did a majority of Europeans believe was the greatest threat to Christian Europe? | Islam |
| Under Abbasid rule, the Islamic faith __________. | expanded |
| Contrary to the Christian belief of equality for all souls, the middle ages signaled an increase of persecution mostly towards __________. | serfs & womens |
| Along with famine and a slowing development of technology, what was also a major contributor to the decline in the Western European economy? | Black Death |
| The Mongol Empire was divided into how many khanates? | 4 |
| How did Islam spread to Southeast Asia? | Sufis & merchants |
| What clan is the prophet Muhammad from? | Quraysh |
| What was Cheng Ho most known for? | Muslim eunuch and admiral who led expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean |
| Who were wandering mystics who sought a personal union with Allah? | Sufis |
| What were most of the Sudanic states led by? | A council of elders of the same family |
| What are important aspects of Mongol Society? | -horseback riding -herding goats and sheep -warfare -trading in urban centers |
| What events occurred in 1421 that changed the course of history? | -fall of Islamic world -blocking of the Silk Road, which led to the discovery of the Americas -civil wars in Egypt which led to the Mamluks nationalizing the spice trade, blocking trade eastward -King Henry V married Catherine |
| What was the name of the language that was basically Bantu with a large number of Arabian words mixed used in Africa? | Swahili |
| Medieval art and architecture were intended to serve __________. | the glory of God |
| What are aspects of European feudalism? | -inhibited development of strong central states but reduced local warfare -system of economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers -boosted by Charlemagne adn William the Conquerer -used by kings to build their own power |
| Why did the Mayans practice human sacrifice? | They believed they owed a blood debt to gods. |
| What city became the center of Inca power? | Cuzco |
| What was Inca socialism? | The Spanish view of the Incas where every person contributed to the whole |
| What are the clans of the Aztecs? | calpulli |
| What did the Aztecs do subjugate the people they conquered? | -make them surrender lands -require taxes to be paid (tribute) -force them to perform military service -provide people for sacrifice |
| Who are janissaries? | infantry troops |
| How are the Ottomans and the Safavid alike? | Both rose to prominence as the frontier warrior champions of a highly militant strain of Islam. |
| How did Suleyman achieve an army so capable and disciplined that "ten thousand could be lead by a single thread"? | He took the sons of Christian families as his soldiers, converted them to Islam, educated and trained them to be loyal to him. |
| Who and what were the purposes of the mullahs? | local mosque officials and prayer leaders who were also supervised by the sate and given some support from it - were required to curse the first three caliphs and mention the Safavid ruler in the Friday sermon. |
| What did (William) John Harvey do? | He demonstrated the circular movement of blood in animals. |
| Name technological improvements in the 15th century. | -sailing ships -navigational devices -gunnery -metalwork |
| Where did the Renaissance begin? | Italy |
| In the 30 Years War, pitting German Protestants against the Holy Roman Emperor, who backed each side? | -Lutheran Sweden (Germany) -Spain (Holy Roman Emperor) |
| What was the reason England sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in as early as 1497? | to find another route to spice-rich India |
| In 1517, who nailed 95 Theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenburg? | Martin Luther |
| Growing commercialization created the beginnings of a new __________ in the west. | proletariat |
| Which country first took an exploration initiative and where were their first expeditions? | Portugal; African coast |
| After the expulsion of the Tartars (Mongols), what happened to Russia's citizens economically? | Common peasants fell into debt and had to accept servile status to noble land owners |
| Peter the Great attempted to redefine the Russian Empire by __________. | drawing from Western influence |
| In an effort to maintain a hold on the tsarist aristocracy, Ivan IV __________. | killed off boyars who he suspected of conspiracy |
| The Treaty of Torsedillas drew a hypothetical north-south line around the globe, therefore, __________. | Portugal got newly discovered lands to the east giving Brazil to the Portuguese. |
| What was Bartolome de Las Casas view towards the Native Americans? | He believed they were rational people who meant no harm. |
| In three centuries, Spain and Portugal created large colonial empires in the Americas. What was the most important things American colonies provided for their Iberian mother countries? | provided a basis of power, a vital place to expand world economy as suppliers of precious minerals and certain crops, which helped the economy. |
| A world economy during the 1450-1750 time period is __________. | based on the control of seas including the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean |
| Proletariats are __________. | people without access to land |
| Which groups of people were involved in the Battle of Lepanto? | Spanish/HRE and Ottomans |
| The definitions of mercantilism is __________. | policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver |
| The year the Ottomans captured Constantinople under the leadership of Mehmed II was __________. | 1453 |
Created by:
Tiffanyy
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