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OC Africa REVISED
OC Africa Review REVISED VERSION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| These are the four climate zones of West Africa. | Sahara Desert; Sahel; savannah; rain forests |
| This area is a huge expanse of sand and gravel that is the world's largest. | Sahara Desert |
| This area is a semiarid strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas. | Sahel |
| This is open grassland with scattered tress and is home to grazing animals and other species. | savannah |
| This area gets heavy rain and is near the equator; it has many different plants and animals. | rain forests |
| These are the three major rivers Africa. | Congo, Zambezi, Niger |
| The rivers of Africa provided these three things. | Water, food, transportation (LIFE!) |
| In West African village society, this included the father, mother, children, and close relatives in one household. | extended family |
| In West African village society, this was a group of men or women who had been born within two or three years of each other and formed special bonds of loyalty and friendship. | age-set |
| This was a central feature of West African village life. | religion |
| This was major part of the traditional religious belief of West African societies. | the importance of families and ancestors |
| Many West Africans believed they should keep their ancestors' spirits happy for this reason. | They believed the spirits would protect their village from harm. |
| This is a common West African belief having to do with nature. | animism |
| This is the definition of animism. | The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits; it reflected West Africans' dependence on nature for survival. |
| These people were the leaders in West African society. | Village chiefs |
| This was a meeting of village chiefs in West African society. | Council of Elders |
| Around what year was the use of iron discovered in West Africa? | 500 BC |
| What is the significance of the Nok people? | They were the first to make iron farm tools and iron tips for arrows and spears. |
| These were benefits of iron in early West African society. | They became better farmers, hunters, and warriors; they could also clear land and live in more places. |
| This was the most significant effect of iron tools for famring. | Food production increased, and the population grew. |
| This was the main significance of the use of camels in desert trading. | Traders could make much longer trips in much shorter amounts of time than they had when they were using horses. |
| Who were the Berbers and why were they significant? | They were people of North Africa who had great knowledge of the desert and led caravans along the trade routes. |
| Where was salt located in Africa? | North Africa in the Sahara Desert |
| Where were African gold mines located? | In Sub-Saharan Africa (south of the Sahara) near the Gulf of Guinea and along the Niger River |
| Why was salt a valuable trade commodity? | It was used to preserve and flavor food and people needed salt in their diets to survive |
| Why was gold a valuable trading commodity? | It was valued for its beauty |
| Why was Timbuktu important in the history of West African empires? | It was a major trading city that was also a center of culture and learning; it was the center of the three West African Empires |
| How did the Empire of Ghana establish its power? | By gaining control of the valuable trade routes and taking over the gold and salt trade, which created vast wealth for the empire. |
| What was significant about the upper Niger River? | Empires who controlled this region had control of the trade on the river, and would become rich and powerful. |
| This is the name of the Empire of Mali's first leader. | Sundiata |
| Why is much of what is known about Sundiata based on legend? | There were few written records about Mali. |
| These are three contributions of Sudiata. | Took over the African gold and salt trades; improved agriculture; consolidated power in the empire. |
| Who were "mansas"? | Local leaders in West African society. |
| Why did Sundiata take the local mansas' power away? | He wanted to increase his own power by giving himself religious and political authority over the empire. |
| Who was Mali's most famous ruler (after Sundiata)? | Mansa Musa |
| What religion was Mansa Musa? | Islamic/Muslim |
| What made Mansa Musa a famous world figure? | His pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca |
| Why was Mansa Musa's hajj significant? | It attracted the attention of the Muslim world and of Europe; for the first time, people were interested in West Africa and its wealth. |
| What leader was the main reason for the growth of the Songhai Empire? | Sunni Ali |
| What were the main accomplishments of Sunni Ali? | He worked to unify, strengthen, and enlarge his empire; he encouraged people to work together and brought peace and stability to Songhai. |
| Who is the West African general whose name was Muhammad Ture and led a revolt that made him leader of Songhai? | Askia the Great |
| These were two things that Askia the Great valued and worked to imrpove in Songhai. | His Muslim faith and education |
| In what ways did Askia the Great support education? | He had universities, schools, libraries, and mosques built in Timbuktu; people came from all over to study there. Djenne was also a center of culture and learning, especially for medicine. |
| What was the purpose of griots in African society? | They were storytellers who memorized African history and passed it down from one generation to the next. |
| What does "oral history" mean? | It is a spoken record of past events. |
| What was the only written language used by the major early civilizations of West Africa? | Arabic |
| What are the three main reasons the Empire of Ghana ended? | Invasion by the Almoravids; overgrazing that ruined farmlands; internal rebellion by conquered peoples |
| What were the reasons for the fall of Mali? | Weak leadership; attacks by raiders on Timbuktu; the empire had become too large to control and govern effectively |
| Why did Morocco first attack Songhai? | To control the salt mines |
| What device helped the Moroccans to defeat the Songhai? | An arqubus, an early form of a gun |
| Why did the Morrocan army invade Songhai? | The Moroccan government needed money and wanted its deposits of salt and gold. |
Created by:
Oak Crest Middle
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