Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
HIST-174 Final Terms
HIST-174 World Civ Final Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diwan | Unit of government |
| Patrons | Wealthy individuals who provide financial support to scholars, painters, sculptors, poets and/or architcts. |
| humanism | A term first used by Florentine rhetoricician Leonard Bruni as a general word for “the new learning”; the critical study of Latin and Greek literature with the goal of realizing human potential. |
| Madrasa | A school for the study of Muslim law and religious science. |
| Sudan | |
| Anticlericalism | A widespread sentiment in the early sixteenth century characterized by resentment of clerical immorality, ignorance, and absenteeism. An important cause of the Protestant Reformation |
| predestination | Calvin's teaching that, by God’s decree, some persons are gilded to salvation and others to damnation; that God has called us not according to our works but according to his purpose and grace. |
| serf | A peasant who lost his freedom and became permanently bound to the landed estate of a lord |
| Vizier | The calif’s chief assistant. |
| Iconoclasm | The destruction of a religious symbol or monument. During the reformation, images of the saints, stained-glass windows, and paintings were destroyed by Protestants on the ground that they violated the biblical command against “graven images.” |
| Huguenots | French Calvinists man of whom lived in the major cities of Paris, Lyons, and Rouen |
| Bushido | Literally, the “Way of the Warrior,” this was the code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live. |
| Merchant guilds | Associations of merchants and traders organized to provide greater security and minimize loss in commercial ventures. |
| Politiques | A group of moderate Catholics and Huguenots who sought to end the religious violence in France by restoring a strong monarchy and granting official recognition to the Huguenots. |
| Misogyny | A negative attitude toward woman as a group. The fact that between 75 and 85% of the victims in the witch craft trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were woman is indicative of the misogynistic attitude that characterized European society. |
| Christian humanists | Scholars from northern Europe who, in the later years of the fifteenth century, developed programs for broad social reform based on concepts set forth in the Renaissance and on the ideals of the Christian faith. |
| Ghana | The name of a great African kingdom inhabited by the Soninke people. |
| Tax-farming | by the Mongols; assigning the collection of taxes to whoever bids the most of the privilege |
| hopewell | An important mound-building Native American culture that thrived between 200 BCE and 600 CE. The culture was centered near the town of Hopewell, Ohio, and was noted for extensive canals and a trade network that extended from the Caribbean to Illinois. |
| Hadith | Collections of the sayings of and anecdotes bout Muhammed. |
| Zen | A school of Buddhism that emphasized meditation and truths that could not be conveyed in words |
| troubadors | Medieval poets in southern Europe who wrote and sang lyrical verses devoted to the themes of love, desire, beauty, and gallantry. |
| Bantu | The people living in Africa south of the Congo River who speak a Bantu language |
| Sanskrit | India’s classical literary language. |
| Dynastic cycle | The theory that Chinese dynastics go through a predictable cycle, from early vigor and growth to subsequent decline as administrators become lax and he well-off find ways to avoid paying taxes, cutting state revenues. |
| Quechua | First deemed the official language of the Incas under Pachacuti, it is still spoken by most Peruvians today |
| vassal | A knight who has sworn loyalty to a particular lord, Vassal is derived from a Celtic word meaning “servant” |
| Swahili | The East African coastal culture, named after a Bantu language whose vocabulary and poetic forms exhibit strong Arabic influences |
| Mississipian | An important mound-building culture that thrived between 800 and 1500 CE in a territory that extended from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains. The largest mound produced by this culture is found I at Cahokia, Illinois. |
| feudalism | A medival European political system that defines the military obligations and relations between a lord and his vassals and involves the granting of fiefs. |
| sati | A practice whereby a high-caste Hindu woman would throw herself on her husband’s funeral pyre |
| milpa | A system of effective agriculture used throughout Mesoamerica that relies on crop rotation and the planting of multiple crops in a single field a Nahuatl word meaning “field” |
| Reconquista | A fourteenth-century term used to describe the Christian crusade to west Spain back from the Muslims; clerics believed it was a sacred and patriotic mission. |
| Hanseatic League | A mercantile association of towns that allowed for mutual protection and security |
| Yurts | Tents in which the pastoral nomads lived; they could be quickly dismantled and loaded onto animals or carts. |
| caravel | A small, maneuverable, three-mast sailing ship developed by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century. The caravel gave the Portuguese a distinct advantage in exploration and trade |
| college | A university was made up of a collection of these privately endowed residences for the lodging of poor students. |
| concubine | A woman contracted to a man as a secondary spouse; although subordinate to the wife, her sons were considered legitimate heirs |
| mita | A draft rotary system that determined when men of a particular hamlet performed public works |
| audencia | Presided over by the viceroy, the twelve to fifteen judges who served as an advisory council and as the highest judicial body |
| encomienda system | The Spanish system whereby the Crown granted the conquerors the right to employ groups of Amerindians in a town or area as agricultural or mining laborers or as tribute payers; it was a distinguished form of slavery |
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds |
| Jacquerie | A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation. |
| Steppe | Free groups and outlaw armies living on the steppes bordering Russia from the fourteenth century onward. Their numbers were increased by runaway peasants during the time of Ivan the Terrible |
| Quinto | One-fifth of all precious metals minded in the Americas that the Crown claimed as its own. |
| Moral economy | A historian’s term for an economic perspective in which the needs of a community take precedence over competition and profit. |
| sovereignty | The exercise of complete and autonomous authority over a political body. The rulers of early modern states strove to achieve sovereignty, in competition with traditional power-holders like noble estates, the church, and town councils. |
| khanates | The states ruled by a khan; the four units into which Chinggis divided the Mongol Empire |
| Scholastics | Medieval professors who developed a method of thinking, reasoning, and writing in which questions were raised and authorities cited on both sides of a questions |
| Mercantilism | A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state. |
| Tsar | The Slavic word for Caesar; Ivan III initiated this title for the absolute ruler of Russia. |
| cossacks | Free groups and outlaw armies living on the steppes bordering Russia from the fourteenth century onward. Their numbers were increased by runaway peasants during the time of Ivan the Terrible |
| Common law | England developed it. A law that originated in, and was applied by, the king’s court. |
| examination system | A system of selecting officials based on competitive written examinations |
Created by:
icehands
Popular World History sets