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WH: FINAL EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| glorification of armed strength; Germany's army and navy were examples | militarism |
| to prepare army for war | mobilize |
| alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia | Three Emperors' League |
| alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy | Triple Alliance |
| alliance between France, Russia and Great Britain | Triple Entente |
| Austro-Hungarian archduke who was assassinated by a member of a Serbian nationalist group | Francis Ferdinand |
| four factors that led to WWI | nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances |
| one party threatens harmful action if demands it makes are not met | ultimatum |
| alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire during WWI | Central Powers |
| alliance of Great Britain, France, Russia and their partners during WWI | Allied Powers |
| WWI German submarine | U-boat |
| combat method used during WWI, in which each side uses a system of protective trenches | trench warfare |
| air battles of WWI | dogfights |
| skilled dogfight pilots | aces |
| German ace of WWI | Red Baron |
| a war in which nations turn all resources to the war effort | total war |
| government use of selected bits of information, both true and false, aimed at getting people to support war effort | propaganda |
| US president during WWI | Woodrow Wilson |
| passenger liner that was attacked by German U-boat and sank, killing 128 Americans | Lusitania |
| a slow wearing-down process in which each side is trying to outlast the other, such as WWI | war of attrition |
| brutal acts against defenseless civilians | atrocities |
| secret telegram that proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico; launched US involvement in WWI | Zimmerman telegram |
| a set of ideas proposed by Woodrow Wilson to Congress concerning ideas for a more just world | the Fourteen Points |
| an agreement between warring sides to stop fighting; truce; signing of the treaty that ended WWI "11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month" | armistice |
| meeting at Versailles of Allied nations to discuss terms of peace | Paris Peace Conference |
| payment for war damages | reparations |
| world organization to maintain peace; worked closely with the World Court | League of Nations |
| court to determine cases involving international law; Permanent Court of International Justice | World Court |
| blockades and other methods used against any nation that broke agreement with the League of Nations | economic sanctions |
| WWI treaty between Allied powers and Germany | Treaty of Versailles (1918) |
| Russian czar who was forced to abdicate his throne and then was executed with his family by the Bolsheviks | Nicholas II |
| Russian word for council | Soviet |
| radical faction of Russia who overthrew provisional government and created the communist state; led by Lenin | Bolsheviks |
| leader of the Bolsheviks;responsible for execution of Nicholas II | Vladimir Lenin |
| one country taking control of another country's economic, political, social systems | imperialism |
| source of raw materials, market for finished materials, source of troops, coaling stations | reasons for imperialism |
| attitude toward colonies that believed it was a duty to spread Western ideas and knowledge | "White Man's Burden" |
| love of one's country, rather than love of one's native region | nationalism |
| flag, national anthem, national sports teams | symbols of nationalism |
| Prussia | Germany |
| head of German Empire;German for emperor | kaiser |
| German chief minister | chancellor |
| German chancellor during unification and World War I | Bismarck |
| political movement believing in representative government that protects individual rights, liberties and the rule of law | liberalism |
| British political party of Whigs, Radicals and some Tories who pushed for reform in Great Britain | Liberal Party |
| British political party of wealthy landowners who opposed change and social reform | Conservative Party |
| original inhabitants of Australia | Aborigines |
| provided a system of government for US territories; territory could apply for statehood when population reached 60,000 | Northwest Ordinance |
| president during the US Civil War; responsible for the Emancipation Proclamation | Abraham Lincoln |
| economic theory that stated that government should do all it could to increase the country's wealth - led to imperialism | mercantilism |
| centralized power in the hands of a ruler who believes in the Divine Right of Kings; gives ruler unlimited control with no checks and balances | absolutism |
| the Sun King who said, "L'etat, c'est moi" | Louis XIV |
| period in the 1700's when philosophes applied reason to government and science | Enlightenment |
| Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas were the basis of the Declaration of Independence | John Locke |
| leader of the Jacobins who was responsible for the French "Reign of Terror" | Robespierre |
| French king who was guillotined during the Reign of Terror | Louis XVI |
| era when people began using experiments and mathematics to understand the natural world, forming the basis of modern science | Scientific Revolution |
| era following the Middle Ages that centered on rebirth of Ancient Greek and Roman art, architecture and learning | Renaissance |
| period between Ancient Greece (classical age) and Renaissance (modern age) | Middle Ages (medieval period) |
| birthplace of democracy | Athens |
| father of democracy | Cleisthenes |
| invention that spread the ideas of the Renaissance | Gutenberg's printing press |
| founder of the Anglican Church | Henry VIII |
| time period when power driven machines began to replace manual labor | Industrial Revolution |
| economic system in which individuals, rather than government, control factors of production | capitalism |
| complete control of the production or sale of a product or service by one company or corporation | monopoly |
| groups that control all phases of an industry | cartels |
| economic theory that states government should not interfere in the marketplace - free enterprise | laissez-faire economics |
| name of the working class, given by Karl Marx | proletariat |
| decree that freed slaves in Confederate States during U.S. Civil War | Emancipation Proclamation |
| statement by United States that U.S. would not interfere in European affairs and Europe should not regain or create new colonies in Latin America | Monroe Doctrine |
| European belief that non-whites were not capable of governing themselves | paternalism |
| waterway that connects the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea; built by French | Suez Canal |
| waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean | Panama Canal |
| transplanted Dutch settlers in South Africa | Boers |
| colonies placed under the direction of more "advanced" nations; established through the Treaty of Versailles after WWI | mandates |
| assassination of Julius Caesar | Ides of March |
| the hill around which Greek city-states were built | acropolis |
| the Eastern Roman Empire | Byzantine Empire |
| the economic system of the Middle Ages; nobles granted land (fief) to knights in return for an oath of fealty (loyalty) | feudalism |
| colonies of defeated powers put under the control of "advanced" nations;used by the League of Nations after WWI | mandates |
| nations protecting domestic industries by limiting trade with other nations;use of tariffs;also called protectionism - use after WWI | economic nationalism |
| risky investments that often use borrowed money to purchase stock | market speculation |
| organization through which stocks are bought and sold | stock market |
| crash of the stock market October 29, 1929 | Black Tuesday |
| as a result of market speculation, Black Tuesday, inflated stock prices - prices and wages fell, business activity slowed, unemployment rose | Great Depression |
| relief and reform program created by Theodore Roosevelt to assist Americans during the Great Depression | the New Deal |
| laws passed by Congress to provide unemployment, old-age benefits, establish 40-hour work week, minimum wage, right to form unions | Social Security Act of 1935 |
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