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World Civ-Page 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Battle of Manzikert | 1071 defeated Byzantines Turks not unified |
| Emp. Alexius I’s plea | Requests to Pope Urban II for western military assistance against Turks |
| Spanish Reconquista | Gradual Christian‘re-conquest’ of Spain from Muslims |
| Council of Clermont | Urban II’s call- preach 1st crusade, meeting of bishops and priests |
| Urban’s speech: Jerusalem, Holy Sepulcher, penance | Jerusalem goal of expedition to see Holy sepulcher and receive an indulgence, penance for all confessed sin |
| First Crusade | 1096-1099 |
| Peter the Hermit & 1st Wave | People’s crusade August 1096 destroyed in Asia Minor |
| 2nd Wave | Powerful French lords and Norman knights from South Italy Led by Papal legate (person representing the pope(ambassador)) Summer 1099 Crusades take Jerusalem |
| Crusader States | 4 Crusader States 1. Kingdom of Jerusalem 2. Country of Tripoli 3. Principality of Antioch 4. Country of Edessa |
| -Templars | Combined knighthood and monasticism Castles throughout crusader states and Europe |
| Second Crusade | 1146-1148 |
| Bernard of Clairvaux | Died 1153 Monk, abbot, preacher Preached for 2nd crusade for pope Eugenuis III Emphasized opportunity for salvation |
| Louis VII | France Wife Eleanor Led French knights |
| Eleanor of Aquitaine | Had Aquitaine |
| Conrad III | Holy Roman Emperor led German Knights in 2nd crusade |
| Saladin | 1180-Overlord of Egypt and Syria Jihad against Christians 1187 captured Jerusalem |