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China Dynasties Dr.C
Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Never reestablished "strong military state" | Song |
| Reestablishes central gov. | Sui |
| Second unification of China | Tang |
| excellent transportation and communication system | Tang |
| equitable land distribution | Tang |
| bureaucracy based on merit | Tang |
| strong military | Tang |
| tribute system | Tang |
| Able, intelligent, and dedicated emperors keep them strong for almost 200 years | Tang |
| Begins to decline around 850, last emperor abdicates 907 | Tang |
| distrusted military | Song |
| focused on civil administration, industry, education, and the arts | Song |
| Confucian civil service exam system | Song |
| provided bureaucrats to administer provinces with good salaries | Song |
| Created great debt | Song |
| Efforts to raise revenue through taxes caused peasant revolts | Song |
| weak military to do deal with outlying peoples | Song |
| invasions caused dynasty to split | Song |
| Northern part fell to khitans | Song |
| Southern survived until defeated by Mongols 1279 | Song |
| Confucianism maintained public order, Buddhism nourished the spirit | Song |
| Buddhists established monasteries and became wealthy estates as well as centers of learning | Song |
| Buddhism became Chinese | Song |
| Neo-Confucianism | Song |
| Syncretic faith | Song |
| China becomes economic powerhouse of Eurasia | Song |
| Foundation of prosperity, strong agricultural growth | Song |
| quieter times gave peasants incentives to produce more food | Song |
| new strains of rice | Song |
| new techniques: iron plows, fertilizers | Song |
| extensive irrigation systems | Song |
| Used land intensely-terraced mountainsides | Song |
| Population increase, growth of cities | Song |
| Hangzhou center of culture, entertainment, commerce | Song |
| Peasants grow rice, vegetables, fruits for export | Song |
| Fujian extremely prosperous | Song |
| many craftsmen and artists | Song |
| high quality porcelain remains in demand domestically and for export | Song |
| Improved metallurgical tech | Song |
| gunpowder, printing (movable type), naval technologies-compass | Song |
| more trade, copper coins replaced with "letters of credit" | Song |
| Trade and Urbanization made China more prosperous, cosmopolitan society | Tang and Song |
| Merchants came from Muslim world (Persia, SE Asia) and Byzantine world (India, Africa) | Song |
| Steppe society | Yuan |
| Raised animals, lived in yurts, nomadic | Yuan |
| self sufficient in short run but needed commercial/trading centers | Yuan |
| lived by hunting, women became masters of household | Yuan |
| poor materially but strong militarily | Yuan |
| superior horsemen | Yuan |
| individualistic but sustained by the group/patriarchal clans | Yuan |
| leader most capable warrior | Yuan |
| polygamy | Yuan |
| Feudal-type society | Yuan |
| religion shamanistic | Yuan |
| Genghis Khan | Yuan |
| Kublai Kahn | Yuan |
| allowed full practice of Confucianism | Yuan |
| brings tibetan monks to capital to tutor him | Yuan (Kublai Khan) |
| Christianity appealed to him | Yuan (Kublai Khan) |
| Great managerial skill in dealing with hostile chinese scholars and lords | Yuan (Kublai Khan) |
| trades with Europe over silk road as well as by water | Yuan (Kublai Khan) |
| Marco Polo served as a surveyor | Yuan |
| Chinese culture too strong, forced to adopt Chinese ways | Yuan |
| Rise of "culturalism" - Chinese attempt to expand their cultural influence | Yuan |
| Peasant uprisings begin/natural disasters occur | Yuan |
| Growth of secret societies | Yuan |
| Established 1368 | Ming |
| Hogwu first emperor | Ming |
| Changed ideas or atmosphere of government but not structure | Ming |
| Return to chinese traditions | Ming |
| Policy of intimidation of Mongols | Ming |
| Moves capital to Nanjing in South | Ming |
| Confucian flavor to government | Ming |
| Way of governing much like Mongols | Ming |
| used Mongols as envoys and interpretors | Ming |
| retained provincial structure | Ming |
| used Muslim advisors and calendar | Ming |
| Yongle | Ming |
| returns capital to Bejing | Ming |
| completes forbidden city | Ming |
| launches treasure ships under Sheng He | Ming |
| desire to reconnect with Middle East and Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean coastal region. | Ming |
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