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Ancient Middle East
| term or name | definition/details |
|---|---|
| city-state | political order of Mesopotamia |
| theocracy | when gov't and religion are tightly connected |
| monarchy | gov't run by a king or queen |
| polytheistic | belief in many gods or goddesses |
| dynasty | job of king or ruler is inherited or passed down in family |
| economy | having to do with good made and how they are obtained |
| Mesopotamia | means land between two rivers |
| Fertile Crescent | nickname for Mesopotamia |
| Euphrates and Tigris | names of major rivers in Mesopotamia |
| Sumer | southern region of Mesopotamia first settled |
| Babylon | Hammurabi's home town and a capital of the empire for several kings |
| ziggurat | term for temple built in Mesopotamia |
| divine right | many ancient kings claimed their right to rule came from gods |
| agriculture | early and most important industry in Mesopotamia-means farming |
| copper, silver, and gold | first metals to be used in Mesopotamia |
| Iraq | modern name of Mesopotamia |
| Sargon | empire builder and conqueror of Mesopotamia |
| Hammurabi | outdid Sargon and also built big empire |
| Code of Hammurabi | 282 strict written laws left by Hammurabi |
| stele | black basalt stone monument with laws on it |
| scribe | an official writer |
| Enki | god of water of Meso |
| Ishtar | love goddess |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | great Meso story of flood |
| patriarchal | father head of family |
| patrilineal | father head of family-get his name |
| cuneiform | wedge writing of Meso |
| Black Land | Egyptian name for fertile land near Nile |
| Nile | river of Egypt-longest in world |
| natural barriers | natural features that deter invaders |
| Menes | king to united land into Egyptian kingdom |
| Khufu | most famous king built pyramids |
| Giza | city where great pyramids are built |
| pyramid | tomb for dead kings |
| pharaoh | mean king or great house |
| vizier | advisor to king like a vice prez |
| Hyksos | invaders with chariots who conquered Egypt for a time |
| bronze | metal learned from Hyksos used to make chariots and better weapons |
| Hatshepsut | first Egyptian women to rule and first women in world to rule |
| regent | temporary ruler |
| King Tut | boy king with great tomb |
| Ramses | let Hebrews finally leave Egypt |
| hieroglypics | picture writing of Egypt |
| papyrus | stuff Egypt wrote on |
| Minos | King of Crete or Minoans |
| Palace of Knossus | great palace of Minoans |
| nomads | people who go from place to place usually herd animals |
| cultural diffusion | spread of ideas and goods done by nomads |
| Phoenicians | sailors and traders who hooked us on phonics! |
| colony | Phoenicians sent people to live and run areas out of Phoenicia to help with trade |
| purple | made Phoenicans lots of money |
| alphabet | greatest gift of Phoencians to world besides purple! |
| Judaism | religion of the Hebrews |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| Yahweh | Hebrew word for God |
| Torah | holy book of Judaism also Old Testament |
| Ten Commandments | 10 rules to live by given by Yahweh |
| synogogue | Jewish temple |
| covenent | belief that if Jews lived by Yahweh's rules that he would take care of h is chosen people |
| prophets | holy messengers used by Yahweh to deliver messages |
| Solomon | wise and beloved king of Hebrews |
| Assyrians | first with large armies with iron weapons |
| siege warfare | tactic of Assyrians to destroy and torture everything and everyone |
| Iran | modern day name for Persian |
| Cyrus the Great | wise and mercyful Persian king-conquered and used methods and knowledge of all cultures |
| Darius the Great | tightened set up of Persian gov't and roads |
| Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion |
| Zoroaster | founder of Zoroastrian religion |
| Zend Avesta | holy book of Zoroastrian religion |
| Ahuramazda | 1 god of Zoroastrianism |