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AP Human Geo Unit 4
Political Organization of Space
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Annexation | Legally adding land area to a city in the United States |
| Anartica | is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System is administered through annual meetings |
| Apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas. |
| Balkanization | A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. |
| Border landscape | the complex representation of the environment around state boundaries |
| Boundary disputes | when two or more states disagree about the demarcation of a political boundary |
| Boundary origin | Also called Genetic Political Boundaries because it has to do with the evolution of boundaries. |
| Boundary process | |
| Boundary Type | |
| Buffer State | an independent but small and weak country that lying between two powerful countries. |
| Capital | associated with its government, it physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and fixed by law. |
| Centrifugal | Forces that tend to divide a country - such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences. |
| Centripetal | Forces that tend to unify a country-such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives,and a common faith |
| City-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland |
| Colonialism | An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political economic and cultural principles in another territory. |
| Confederation | a uniting or being united in a league or alliance; a league or alliance; specif., independent nations or states joined in a league or confederacy |
| conference of Berlin (1884) | of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power |
| Core -periphery | spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating developed core region. |
| Decolonization | the action of changing from colonial to independent status |
| Devolution | The transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the statee's territory. |
| Domino Theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control |
| Exclusive Economic Zone | as established in the United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea, a zone of exploitatin extending 200 nautical miles seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it. |
| Electoral regions | the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions. |
| Enclave | a small bit of foreign territory within a state but not under it's jurisdiction. |
| exclave | a portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country. |
| European Union | an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members |
| Federal | A political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interrests defense, foreign affairs and yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities, laws |
| Forward capital | is the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status; although there are exceptions, |
| Frontier | a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises poliitical control. |
| Geopolitics | the influence of the habitat on political entities |
| Gerrymander | The drawing of electoral district boundaries in an awkward pattern to enhance the voting impact of one constituency at the expense of another. |
| Global commons | is that which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life |
| Heartland | The interior of a sizable landmass, removed from maritime connections in particular the interior of the Eurasian continent. |
| rimland | the maritime fringe of a country or continent in particular the western southern and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent |
| Immigrant states | |
| International organization | an international alliance involving many different countries |
| Iron Curtain | ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War |
| Irredentism | the policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linquistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state. |
| Israel/Palestine | |
| Landlocked | a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea. |
| Law of the Sea | A comprehensive 1982 convention which attempts to create a regime for the oceans |
| Lebanon | |
| Mackinder, Halford J. | English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy. |
| Manifest destiny | was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. |
| Median-line principle | is an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places |
| Microstate/Ministate | a state that encompasses a very small land area |
| Nation | a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a specific territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, belief and customs |
| National iconography | Branch of knowledge dealing with representations of people or objects in art and design, hence the symbolism in a design |
| Nation-state | member of modern state system possessing fromal sovereignty and with people possessing bonds of shared cultural attributes |
| Nunavut | newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories |
| Raison d'etre | The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone |
| Reapportionment | Process by which representative districts are switched according to populatin shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people |
| Regionalism | political geography group frequently ethnic group identification with a particular region of a state rather thatn with the state as a whole. |
| Reunification | the act of coming together again |
| Satellite state | a small weak country dominated by one powerful neighbor to the extent that some or much of its independence is lost |
| state | a centralized authority that enforces a single political economic and legal system within its territorial boundaries |
| Stateless ethnic groups | ethnic groups that share certain cultural, political, and/or historic qualities, such as religion, location, or art, but do not share enough qualities to be recognized as a nationality/nation |
| Stateless nation | group that does not have a state |
| Suffrage | the civil right to vote |
| Supranationalism | is a method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states |
| Territorial disputes | is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states |
| Territorial morphology | an impact on the ability of ruling governments to impose law and policy on state territory |
| Territoriality | A behavior pattern in animals consisting of the occupation and defense of a territory |
| Theocracy | is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler |
| Treaty ports | given to the port cities that were opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties. |
| UNCLOS | also called the Law of the Sea Convention |
| Unitary | is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate |
| USSR collapse | |
| Women's enfranchisement | freedom from political subjugation or servitude |
Created by:
kimdudek
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