Political Organization of Space
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| Annexation | Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
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| Anartica | is governed by a system known as the Antarctic Treaty System is administered through annual meetings
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| Apartheid | Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
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| Balkanization | A small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it is inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other.
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| Border landscape | the complex representation of the environment around state boundaries
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| Boundary disputes | when two or more states disagree about the demarcation of a political boundary
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| Boundary origin | Also called Genetic Political Boundaries because it has to do with the evolution of boundaries.
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| Boundary process |
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| Boundary Type |
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| Buffer State | an independent but small and weak country that lying between two powerful countries.
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| Capital | associated with its government, it physically encompasses the offices and meeting places of the seat of government and fixed by law.
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| Centrifugal | Forces that tend to divide a country - such as internal religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences.
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| Centripetal | Forces that tend to unify a country-such as widespread commitment to a national culture, shared ideological objectives,and a common faith
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| City-state | A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
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| Colonialism | An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political economic and cultural principles in another territory.
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| Confederation | a uniting or being united in a league or alliance; a league or alliance; specif., independent nations or states joined in a league or confederacy
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| conference of Berlin (1884) | of 1884-85 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power
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| Core -periphery | spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating developed core region.
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| Decolonization | the action of changing from colonial to independent status
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| Devolution | The transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the statee's territory.
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| Domino Theory | the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control
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| Exclusive Economic Zone | as established in the United Nations Convention on the law of the Sea, a zone of exploitatin extending 200 nautical miles seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it.
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| Electoral regions | the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions.
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| Enclave | a small bit of foreign territory within a state but not under it's jurisdiction.
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| exclave | a portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country.
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| European Union | an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
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| Federal | A political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interrests defense, foreign affairs and yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities, laws
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| Forward capital | is the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status; although there are exceptions,
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| Frontier | a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises poliitical control.
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| Geopolitics | the influence of the habitat on political entities
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| Gerrymander | The drawing of electoral district boundaries in an awkward pattern to enhance the voting impact of one constituency at the expense of another.
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| Global commons | is that which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life
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| Heartland | The interior of a sizable landmass, removed from maritime connections in particular the interior of the Eurasian continent.
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| rimland | the maritime fringe of a country or continent in particular the western southern and eastern edges of the Eurasian continent
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| Immigrant states |
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| International organization | an international alliance involving many different countries
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| Iron Curtain | ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War
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| Irredentism | the policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linquistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state.
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| Israel/Palestine |
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| Landlocked | a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea.
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| Law of the Sea | A comprehensive 1982 convention which attempts to create a regime for the oceans
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| Lebanon |
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| Mackinder, Halford J. | English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy.
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| Manifest destiny | was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean.
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| Median-line principle | is an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places
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| Microstate/Ministate | a state that encompasses a very small land area
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| Nation | a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a specific territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, belief and customs
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| National iconography | Branch of knowledge dealing with representations of people or objects in art and design, hence the symbolism in a design
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| Nation-state | member of modern state system possessing fromal sovereignty and with people possessing bonds of shared cultural attributes
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| Nunavut | newest federal territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Northwest Territories
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| Raison d'etre | The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone
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| Reapportionment | Process by which representative districts are switched according to populatin shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people
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| Regionalism | political geography group frequently ethnic group identification with a particular region of a state rather thatn with the state as a whole.
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| Reunification | the act of coming together again
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| Satellite state | a small weak country dominated by one powerful neighbor to the extent that some or much of its independence is lost
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| state | a centralized authority that enforces a single political economic and legal system within its territorial boundaries
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| Stateless ethnic groups | ethnic groups that share certain cultural, political, and/or historic qualities, such as religion, location, or art, but do not share enough qualities to be recognized as a nationality/nation
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| Stateless nation | group that does not have a state
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| Suffrage | the civil right to vote
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| Supranationalism | is a method of decision-making in multi-national political communities, wherein power is transferred or delegated to an authority by governments of member states
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| Territorial disputes | is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states
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| Territorial morphology | an impact on the ability of ruling governments to impose law and policy on state territory
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| Territoriality | A behavior pattern in animals consisting of the occupation and defense of a territory
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| Theocracy | is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler
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| Treaty ports | given to the port cities that were opened to foreign trade by the Unequal Treaties.
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| UNCLOS | also called the Law of the Sea Convention
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| Unitary | is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate
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| USSR collapse |
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| Women's enfranchisement | freedom from political subjugation or servitude
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