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Analysis of urine
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what do the kidneys do? | seperate urine(waste) from the blood |
what is the renal pelvis and what does it do? | it is the central area of the kidney that collects urine. |
what are ureters? | the tubes that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
what is the urinary bladder? | muscular organ that temporarily holds urine then releases it to the urethra |
what is the urethra? | tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body |
what can the kidneys do that other organs can't? | fine tune the elimination of h2O and electrolytes to maintain the normal volume and composition of body fluids |
what is the nephron? | the urine making unit of the kidney |
what is the most important thing when collecting urine specimens? | using the correct cup (sterile cup) |
what is a random sample and a first morning specimen? | fresly voided, very concentrated urine (it determines: protein, nitrates, bacteria & hCG |
when is a 2-hr postprandial urine specimen performed? | done 2hrs after meals to test for diabetes |
what does a 24hr specimen test used for? | hormone levels & creatinine for evaluation of the kidneys |
what is the second voided specimen testing for? | glucose |
what is clean-catch midstream specimen used for? | testing microorganisms & bacteria |
what does the microscopic examination of urine sediment do? | categorizes and counts cells, casts, srystals and miscellaneous constituents of the sediment |
how do you obtain the microscopic examination of urine sediment? | measured portion of urine is centrifuged |
what is a clinitest? | the glucose test on the reagent strip will detect only glucose |
what is a acetest? | an alternative to strip testing when the urine must be tested for the presence of ketones |
what is the pregnancy hormone? | hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin |
what are the normal urine levels for ovulation testing | urine levels of LH of 20mIU/ml or greater |
what hormone does menopause testing detect? | detects FSH in the urine |
what is toxicology? | the study of poisonous (drugs or alcohol) substances and their effects on the body |
what are the steps for patient education of urine testing? | explain collection techniques and provide clearly written instructions |
what does eliminating urine from the body do? | helps the body to maintain water and electrolyte balance |
what are the organs of excretion? | kidney, skin lung & intestines |
urinary system includes which organs? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra |
what functions do the kidneys perform? | excrete nitrogen waste, regulate blood volume, electrolyte concentration, pH & blood pressure - stimulate rbc production |
what is the nephron unit composed of? | renal tubular structure & vascular blood vessel structures |
what are the physical properties of urine? | amount, color, clarity, odor, pH, & specific gravity |
what is the composition of urine? (chemical properties =abnormal componets | protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, nitrite, urobilinogen & leukocytes |
what is the time limit to test urine specimens? | within 2hrs of collection - they should be kept refrigerated |
what is the time limit for culture & sensitivity testing? | within 72hrs |
what is the routine urinalysis? (UA) | the test for the physical properties & appearance (color) |
appearance & turbidity | pale yellow-yellow-straw-amber |
normal adult range for volume of urine | adults 750-2000mL in 24hrs |
what does foam detect? | detects abnormality - greenish yellowish indicates bilirubinurea |
what does odor mean? | gives clue to metabolic disorder caused by disease, bacteria or diet |
what is specific gravity? | the weight of urine compared to distilled water normal range is 1005-1030mL -depending on water intake |
what is polyuria? | excessive urine |
minimum volume for catherization | need to do a minimum of 1500mL |
distilled water | chemical properties have been removed from the water |
colony forming units (cfu) | bacteria in urine |
culture & sensitivity (c&s) | test to detect bacteria & fungus |
what is the uterus? | the womb that holds the fetus |
what is a urinalysis? | an exam that determines urine content |
what is dialysis? | complete seperation of waste from blood when the kidneys fail |