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Chabner, Chapter 2

Language of Medicine, Chapter 2, Terms Pertaining to the Whole Body

WordMeaning
chromosomes structures in the nucleus containing genes
cytoplasm all the material outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane
endoplasmic reticulum structures within the cytoplasm where ribosomes are found
karyotype picture of chromosomes in the nucleus
metabolism total chemical process in a cell
mitochondria structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned
nucleus control center of the cell
4 types of tissue epithelial, muscle, connective, nerve
4 types of cells muscle, fat, nerve, epithelial
9 systems of the body digestive, urinary, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, nervous, circulatory, musculoskeletal, and skin and sense organs
2 main endocrine glands pituitary gland in brain, thyroid gland in neck
viscera internal organs
5 body cavities cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
mediastinum central space between lungs
diaphragm muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
peritoneum membrane surrounding abdominal organs
pleura membrane surrounding each lung
5 divisions of the back cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
vertical plane dividing body into right and left sides sagittal plane
horizontal plane separating the body into upper and lower portions transverse plane
frontal plane separates the body into front and back portions
abdomin/o abdomen
adip/o fat
anter/o front
cervic/o neck (of body or uterus)
chondr/o cartilage
chrom/o color
coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone)
crani/o skull
dist/o far, distant
dors/o back portion of the body
hist/o tissue
ili/o ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
inguin/o groin
later/o side
lumb/o lower back
medi/o middle
nucle/o nucleus
pelv/o hip, pelvic cavity
poster/o back, behind
sacr/o sacrum
spin/o spine, backbone
thorac/o chest
trache/o trachea (windpipe)
umbilic/o navel
ventr/o belly side of the body
vertebr/o vertebrae
viscer/o internal organs
inter between
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Created by: Ashleeboden
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