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Developmt of Thtr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Practive of theatre as an art form goes back how many years in the West. | 2,500 years |
| The Practive of theatre as an art form goes back how many years in Asia. | 2,000 years |
| Who is Osiris | Egyptian god, married his sister (Isis), Murdered by his brother and scattered throught Egypt, was resurrected by Isis, went to dwell in the underworld, became the god who judged people's souls |
| Who is Ikhernofret | Participated in the Abyds ritual for Osiris in the era between 1887 BCE and 1849 BCE |
| What is Methexis? | "Group sharing"; The audience participated with the elader/actor |
| What is Mimesis? | "Imitation or representation of an action"; Audience is watching |
| What is the status of theatre in Islamic countries? | Most restrict theatre completely, "personifaction of God" |
| When examining the practice of theatre in any particular time or place, what particular elements of a theatrical production should we look at? | Playing space; Audiences; Performers; Visual elements; Texts; Coordination of the Elements |
| What is efficaciousness? | Inteded to achieve results |
| What is a Shaman | A storyteller that would keep the history of his people alive through theatrical methods |
| What is a Taziya? | A popular Islamic play that has many different variations |
| What is the positivist approach to history? | Suggests that history can be explained logically, chronicled objectively, and reconstructed |
| What two characteristics common to the various forms of "early" theatre? | Religious background, Civic and social events |
| When was the Golden Age of Greece, and what made it so special? | 5th century BCE; Democracy, Plilosophy, scientific discoveries, remarkable artists and architects, development in theatre |
| Where was the City Dionysia set? | Athens |
| What was the City Dionysia | A festival honoring Dionysus |
| When was the City Dionysia? | Toward the end of March |
| Of what did the City Dionysia consist? | Dramas, ditherambs, and prize giving |
| Who attended the City Dionysia? | Everyone (women have been debatable) |
| All of our extant Greek tragedies come from what three writeres? | Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides |
| Who was Aeschylus and how many plays are extant? | The first to develop drama into a form separate from singing, dancing, or storytelling. Considered to be the founder of Greek drama and therefore of all Western drama. Shrunk the chorus to 12 members. 7 extant plays |
| Who was Sophocles and how many plays are extant? | Noted for his superb plot construction. Increased number of chorus members to 15. 7 extant plays |
| Who was Euripides and how many plays are extant? | Considered the most "modern" of the three. Characters behaved as people do in everyday life, and such realism was not considered appropriate for tragedy. Was admired greatly after his death for originality and independence of thought. 18 extant plays. |
| How many chorus members were there | 50 -> 12 -> 15 |
| What were four different function of the chorus? | Provide expository or background information. Comment on actions. Interact with characters. Describe offstage action. |
| As it performed, the chorus did what? | Sing, Dance, Recite, Provide a spectacle |
| What is a dithyramb? | A long hmn, sung and danced by a group of men. Developed by Arion. |
| Who is Thespis? | The first writer of tragedy as well as the first actor. |
| What is the Choragus? | The equivalent of a modern-day producer. for each of the selected playwrights. |
| Who was Homer? | A poet tha twrote about the Trojan War in the Iliad and the Odyssey. |
| What are City-states? | How greece was divided before the Person War. |
| Is the play Agamemnon, based on a Greek mythology or Greek history? | both |
| What did Agamemnon do that motivated Clytemnestra's actions? | To walk the carpet would be an act of hubris (dangerous pride) |
| Agamemnon is the first play of what trilogy? | Oresteia |
| What is a trilogy? | Three stories with one central theme |
| What is significance of Cassandra in the play Agamemnon? | Trojan princess, captured by Agamemnon as a slave and concubine, Apollo's lover, had the gift of prophecy, predicts Agamemnon's deather, her own death, and the vengeance of Orestes |
| What is the relationship between Agamemnon and Aigisthos? | Agamemnon's cousin |
| What is the relationship between Clytemnestra and Aigisthos? | Clytemnestra's lover |
| How does the chorus react to Clytemnestra and Aigisthos's actions? | Said that Orestes will return from exile and avenge his father's death |
| What does the title "The Libation Bearers" refer to? | The chorus, Orestes, and Electra |
| Why has Orestes returned to Argos? | To avenge his father |
| What was Clytemnestra's nightmare and how does it come true? | She gave birth to a serpent |
| What lie does Orestes tell Clytemnestra to get into the palace? | The he brings bad news of Orestes' death |
| What does the Chorus do that makes them complicit to Orestes' scheme? | Intercepts Cilissa, the nurse, and told her to tell Aigisthos to come hear the news alone |
| The play climaxes with a "stichomythic" confrontation between whom? | Clytemnestra and Orestes |
| What is Orestes' problem at the end of the play? | Flees the stage in the direction of Delphi, where seeks refuge at Apollo's shrine from the furies. |
| Where does the play "The Eumenides", take place and why is this unusual? | changes location from Delphi to Athens |
| Who are the Eumenides | The Chorus, The furies, "Benevolent Ones", |
| How does Athena, and the play, celebrate Athenian democracy? | A trial takes place to judge Orestes' actions |
| What is the ultimate basis of Apollo's argument in support of Orestes? | The mother is not the true blood relative of their children |
| What becomes of the Eumenides? | They help Athena rule the city of Athens as protectors |
| When was "The Poetics" written, and why is it significant? | 335 BCE |
| What are Aristotle's six elements of Drama? | Plot, Character, Thought, Diction, Music, Spectacle |
| Aristotle defines tragedy as an imitation of what? | Imitiation of an action. Language embellished. in the form of action. Through pity and fear effection the proper purgation of these emotions |
| What was the role of women in the greek theatre? | Debated that they had no place in theatre with exception to mimes |
| What is Phawdra's condition at the outset of the play? | suicidal |
| What is the back story about Phaedra, Theseus, and Hippolytus? | Theseus defeated the Amazon women and raped their leader. Thus was born Hyppolytus. Theseus then defeated the Minoite bulls and ran away with Phaedra's sister. Hel ater rejected Phaedra's sister for Phaedra. |
| At what point would an ekkyklyma probably have been used in Hippolytus? | Used for Phaedra and possible Hippolytus |
| On what basis does Theseus accuse his son of raping Phaedra? | On Omoena's word |
| How does Theseus finally learn the truth? | Aricia tells him the hippolytus and her are in love |
| What is the "happy idea of "The Frogs?" | Dionysus goes down into Hodes dressed as Heracles to bring back one of the great poets/playwrights to save Athens |
| How is the Chorus different from the choruses in tragedies? | Have a minor role. Addresses the audience. Was larger (15-20 people). Often divided into two parts |
| The play, "The Frogs," was written just after major defeat for Athens . And does this have anything to do with the theme of the play? | dionysus wants the great playwrights to show the current playwrights how to make a good play |
| To whom does the title, "The Frogs," refer? | The actual frogs on the river stix. or perhaps the playwrights |
| What is the climactic "agon" of the play? | When dionysus has a contest between the two great playwrights |
| When was Rome established, relative to the glory years of Athens? | 509 BCE. When the theatre of Dionysus is built |
| Roman theatre in the era before Christ was profoundly influenced by what two outside cultures? | Etruscans, Greeks |
| We have extant works by only three Roman playwrights. Who are they and when did they write? | Plautus (254-184 BCE), Terence (185 159 BCE), Seneca (4 BCE - 65 ACE) |
| How did the Roman theatre differ, architecturally, from the Greek? | Freestanding, Semin-circle orchestra |
| Seneca's plays were probably not given public performances. Why, then, is he considered an important dramatist? | Violent spectacle, Influenced Renaissance playwrights, Wrote tragedy |
| What is uniquely interesting about Terence? | may have been the first black playwright. |
| What was the Roman mime? | Greek origin |
| What was the Roman pantomime? | Roman origin, more respected, possibly roots to ballet, single performer, mute |
| When and why did Roman theatre decline to nothingness? | the fall of Rome, Rise of Christianity, Barbarian invasion |
| Sea battles stages on lakes or on artificial bodies of water or in flooded arenas? | Naumachiae |
| Best-known writer of dramatic theory and criticisim in the Roman period, Referred to as the "Roman Aristotles?" | Horace |
| A famous Roman actor | Roscius |
| The facade of the scaena, elaborate and ornate. | Scaena frons |
| In front of the scaena, a large raised stage | Pulpitum |
| A front curtain which was raised and loweredon expandable poles from a trench in front of the stage. | Auleum |
| A painted backdrop placed against the scaena frons, slightly altered the appearance of the facade | siparium |
| The eastern Roman empire, capital in Constantinople, Catholic run. | Bysantine Empire |
Created by:
jbenk7
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