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Around 8000 B.C.E to around 600C.E.
Question | Answer |
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Alexander the Great | King of Macedon; conqueror of Greece and Egypt and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC) |
Analects | Collection of moral and social teachings of Confucius |
Confucius | Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism |
Bronze Age | Period between the Stone and Iron Ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons |
Byzantium | An ancient city founded by the Greeks, now the site of modern Istanbul; in 330 Constantine rebuilt the city and called it Constantinople and made it his capital |
Code of Hammurabi | A set of laws enacted by Babylonian King Hammurabi in 1726 BC. It is noteworthy because of the class distinctions built into it. |
Cuneiform | Ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia |
Democracy | The political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives |
Eight Fold Path | The method of spiritual attainment outlined in Buddha' s sermons on the Four Noble Truths. |
Four Noble Truths | Discovered by the Buddha through enlightenment. |
Gothic Migrations | Period of human migration that occurred roughly between AD 300 to 700 in Europe |
Great Wall | a long wall that the Chinese built to keep out nomadic tribes from the north and west. It was expanded and rebuilt several times under different dynasties. |
Han Dynasty | Imperial dynasty that ruled China; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization; period in which Buddhism entered the country. |
Hellenism | A period and style of Mediterranean culture influenced by the Greek art world following the conquests of Alexander the Great. |
The Huns | Nomadic people who invaded Europe in the 4th century |
Indian Ocean Trade | Development of trade over the Indian Ocean. |
Iron Age | The period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons |
Jewish Diaspora | The dispersion of the Jews outside Israel; from the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem in 587-86 BC when they were exiled to Babylonia |
Legalism (China) | Invented in the Han dynasty; the main philosophic currents during the Warring States Period. |
Pax Romana | Period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force experienced by the Roman Empire; established by Caesar Augustus |
Pyramids | Pyramid-shaped masonry structures |
Roman Republic | The ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar. |
Roman Senate | Political institution in ancient Rome |
Shang Civilization (China) | The second Chinese dynasty; the Shang Dynasty fell when Shang Zhou, the last Shang king, committed suicide after his army was defeated by the Zhou people. |
Shi Huang Di | The first ruler of China's Qin dynasty. One of his advisers, Hanfeizi, formed the philosophy of Legalism, which Shi Huangdi used to rule over China. |
Siddhartha Gautama | A spiritual teacher from ancient India and the founder of Buddhism |
Silk Road Trade | Enabled people to transport goods between different parts of the world; trade on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations of China, India, Egypt, Persia, Arabia, and Rome. |
The Torah | The whole body of the Jewish sacred writings and tradition. |
The Vedas of Hinduism | Sacred scriptures of Hinduism. |
Ziggurats | A type of step-pyramid temple first built by the Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia; Made of sun-dried mud bricks. The people of Mesopotamia continued building ziggurats for thousands of years. |