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A & P 0123
Anatomy and Physiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Onco | Tumor |
Patho | Disease |
Cyto | Cell |
Sarco | Flesh |
Gyneco | Woman |
Phlebo | Veins |
Adeno | Gland |
Meno | Menses |
Angio | Vessel |
Gastro | Stomach |
Myo | Muscle |
Laparo | Abdomen |
Oophoro | Ovary |
Necro | Death |
Orchido | Testis |
Cephalo | Head |
Dento | Teeth |
Dermo/Dermat | Skin |
Uro | Urine |
Electro | Electricy |
Salpingo | Uterine Tubes |
Bio | Life |
Neuro | Nerve |
Chrono | Time |
Procto | Rectum |
Carcino | Cancer |
Psycho | Mind |
Osteo | Bone |
Encephalo | Brain |
Cerebro | Cerebellum |
Gnoso | Knowledge |
Pneumo/Pulmo | Lungs |
Hepato | Liver |
Arthro | Joint |
Cardio | Heart |
Radio | X-ray |
Cyan/o | Blue |
Stomato | Mouth |
Oto | Ear |
Masto/Mammo | Breast |
Melan/o | Black |
Thrombo | Clotting |
Chemo | Drug/Chemical |
Colo | Large Intestine |
Entero | Intestinal |
Glosso/Linguo | Tongue |
Ophthamo | Eye |
Erythro | Red |
Hemo/Hemat | Blood |
Cryo | Cold |
Leuk/o | White |
Nephro/Reno | Kidney |
Arterio | Artery |
Rhino | Nose |
Cysto | Bladder |
Gingiv | Gums |
Hystero/Metri | Uterus |
porosis | Passage |
prandial | Meal |
ptosis | dropping/prolapse |
salpinx | Fallopian Tube |
lytic | Destroy/Reduce |
crine | Secrete/Separate |
sarcoma | Malignant Tumor |
malacia | Softening |
schlerosis | Hardening |
mania | Madness/Insane Desire |
gen | Substance/Agent that produces or causes |
megaly | Enlargment |
scope | Instrument for visual examination |
gram | Record/X-ray film |
cyte | cell |
phonia | Sound/Voice |
graph | Instrument used to record |
graphy | Process of recording/xray filming |
desis | Surgical fixation/Fusion |
pepsia | digestion |
pexy | Suspension/Surgical fixation |
scopy/scopic | visual examination |
ia | condition of diseased/abnormal state |
ism | State of |
phoria | Feeling |
physis | Growth |
What is the boundary of a cell? | Plasma Membrane |
What is the structure of the plasma membrane? | Phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins |
What is the cell's "protein factory?" | Ribosomes |
What is are ribosomes made of? | Tiny particles each made up of rRNA subunits |
What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic Acid |
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? | Membranous network of interconnected canals and sacs. |
What is smooth ER's purpose? | To synthesize lipids |
What is rough ER's purpose? | To synthesize proteins from the ribosomes. |
What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus? | Process and package substances from the ER |
What is the purpose of Mitochondria? | Cell's Power House |
What is the purpose of Lysosomes? | Cell's Digestive System |
What is the purpose of centrioles? | Function in the cell's reproduction |
What is the purpose of cilia? | Move substances over the surface of the cell |
What is the purpose of flagella? | Tail assistant in movement of the cell (Sperm Cell) |
What is the purpose of the nucleus? | Dictates protein synthesis, plays essential roll in cell's activities. (Active transport, metabolism, growth, heredity) |
What is the purpose of the nucleoli? | Essential for the formation of ribosomes |
What is cytoplasm? | the internal living material of cells |
How many phases of cell division? | Four(Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) |
What is a gene? | Specific segment of base pairs in a chromosome |
What is the differance between Active and Passive transport? | Active uses energy whereas passive does not |
What are three examples of passive transport? | Diffusion, Osmosis, Filtration |
What are three examples of active transport? | Ion pump, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis |
What is transcription? | DNA unwinds and forms a messenger RNA |
What is translation? | Synthesis of a protein by ribosomes. Using the information from the mRNA to direct the sequence of the Amino Acids |
What are the four main kinds of tissue? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
What are the four cell shapes? | Squamous(flat/scale like), Cuboidal(cube shaped), Columnar(higher than wide), Transitional(varying shapes/can stretch) |
What are the two arrangements of cells? | Simple(single layer), and Stratified(many layers) |
What is the most abundant tissue in the body? | Connective tissue |
What is epithelial tissue? | tissues that covers the body and many of its parts. |
What is connective tissue? | delicate, paper-thin webs that hold internal organs together and give them shape |
What is the matrix? | intercellular material |
What is the three kinds of muscle tissue? | Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
What is the purpose of nervous tissue? | to provide rapid communication between body structures and control of body functions |
What are the two types of cells in nervous tissue? | Neurons(conducting units), and Glia(supporting cells) |
What is a hereditary disease? | Transmitted genetically from parents to child |
What is a congenital disease? | disease that appears at birth or shortly after. Result of a failure in the fetal development. |
What is a inflammatory disease? | the body reacts with a inflammatory response to a causative agent. |
What is a degenerative disease? | degeneration, often progressive of some part of the body. |
What is a infectious disease? | result from the invasion of microorganisms into the body. |
What is a defciency disease? | result from the lack of a specific nutrient. |
What is a metabolic disease? | caused by a dysfunction that results in a loss of metabolic control of homeostasis in the body. |
What is a neoplastic disease? | abnormal growth of new tissues can be benign or malignant. |
What is a traumatic disease? | result of both physical and emotional trauma. |
What is a disease? | a pathologic condition of the body, is any disturbance of a structure or function of the body. |
What is an enviromental disease? | a group of conditions that develop from exposure to a harmful substance in the enviroment |
What is remission? | partial or complete disappearance of clinical and subjective characteristics of the disease. |
What is an organic disease? | structural change in an organ that interferes with its functioning. |
What is asthenia? | condition of debility, loss of strength and energy. |
What is orthopnea? | condition in which a patient has to sit or stand to breathe comfortably |
What is fetid? | foul, putrid, offensive smell |
What are the four physical assessment techniques? | Inspection, Palpation, Auscultation, Percussion |
What is delirium? | confusion, disordered perception, and decreased attention span. |
What is syncope? | temporary loss of consciousness (fainting) |
What is fungue state? | dysfunction of consciousness (hours or days) in which the individual carries on purposeful activity that he/she does not remember. |
What are the three parts to the Glasgow coma scale? | Eye opening, verbal response, motor response |
What is turgor? | the elasticity of the skin |
What is bruits? | abnormal swishing sounds heard over organs |
What is a microorganism? | any microscopic entity capable of carrying on living process |
What is asepsis? | the absence of pathogenic microorganisms |
What is medical asepsis? | techniques that inhibit the growth and spread of pathogens |
What is surgical asepsis? | the complete removal of all microorganisms. complete sterilization |
What is disinfection? | the use of a chemical that can be applied to objects to destroy microorganisms |
What is an antiseptic? | a substance that tends to inhibit the growth of microorganisms, used on humans |
What is a spore? | a specialized structure formed by the bacteria to protect itself when conditions are unfavorable. Lays dormant |
What is a carrier/vector? | a person or animal who does not become ill but can spread the organisms |
What is the smallest known agent to cause disease? | Viruses |
What is contamination? | a condition of being soiled |
What is a fomite? | a nonliving object that spreads microorganisms |
What is endogenous? | growing within the body |
What is exogenous? | growing outside of the body |
What is HAI? | Healthcare Associated Infection, any condition that develops after admission into the hospital |
What is virulent? | the strength of any given pathogen |
What is a cocci? | round bacteria |
What is a bacilli? | Rod shaped bacteria |
What is a spirilla? | corkscrew shaped bacteria |
What is strepto? | chain of bacteria |
What is staphylo? | cluster of bacteria |
What is diplo? | pair of bacteria |
What is the incubation period? | the period when the pathogen enters the body but no symptoms are noted |
What is the prodromal stage? | nonspecific set of symptoms begin to appear |
What is the full state of illness stage? | when the infection is at its height and the specific signs and symptoms are noted |
What is the convalescence stage? | the stage of recovery after the infection has run its course |
What is meiosis? | cell division that forms sex cells |
What are the three main parts of a cell? | cytoplasm, cell/plasma membrane, nucleus |
What is the function of the integumentary system? | protection, temperature regulation, synthesis of chemicals, sense |
What is the function of the muscular system? | movement, production of heat, contractions of heart, BP maintenance, intestinal movement, body posture |
What is the function of the nervous system? | communication, integration, control, recognition of sensory stimuli |
What is the function of the endocrine system? | secretions of horomones, communication, long lasting control, exp-growth, metabolism, reproduction |
What is the function of the cardiovascular system? | transportation, regulate body temp, immunity |
What is the function of the lymphatic system? | Body defense, transportation |
What is the function of the skeletal system? | support, movement, storage of minerals, blood cell production |
What is the function of the digestive system? | mechanical&chemical breakdown(digestion), absorption, elimination |
What is the function of the urinary system? | filtration/cleaning of the blood of waste, electrolyte balance, water balance, acid-base balance |
What is the function of the reproductive system? | survival of genes, production of sex cells, development and birth of offspring, nourishment of offspring, production of sex hormones |
What is the function of the respiratory system? | exchange of waste gas, warm&humudify incoming air, filtration of irritants, regulation of acid-base balance |