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Cardio Pathology
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arrhythmias | Abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias). |
| Ex.of heart arrhythmias: bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block) | Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His). |
| Ex. of heart arrhythmias: flutter | Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria. |
| Ex. of heart arrhythmias: fibrillation | Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute). |
| congenital heart disease | Abormalities in the heart at birth. |
| Ex. congenital heart disease Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) | Narrowing (coarctation) of the aorta. |
| Ex. congenital heart disease patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth. |
| Ex. congenital heart disease septal defects | Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects). |
| Ex. congenital heart disease tetralogy of Fallot | Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects. |
| congestive heart failure | Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart. |
| endocarditis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. |
| hypertensive heart disease | High blood pressure affecting the heart. |
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | Improper closure of the mitral valve. |
| murmur | Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats |
| pericarditis | Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart. |
| rheumatic heart disease | Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever. |
| aneurysm | Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall. |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | Blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb. |
| hypertension (HTN) | High blood pressure. |
| peripheral arterial disease (PAD) | Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs. |
| Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes. |
| varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs. |
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S1159017
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