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18 endocrine system
chabner, 8th edition, chapter 18 endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| insulin | secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. it helps glucose to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen |
| glucogen | secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas;increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen(starch) to glucose |
| growth hormone(GH);somatotropin | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis) stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue |
| luteinizing hormone(LH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males |
| norepinephrine | secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure |
| oxytocin(OT) | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland;stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth |
| parathormone(PTH) | secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
| progesterone | secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
| prolactin (PRL) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion |
| somatotropin (STH) | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone |
| testosterone | male hormone secreted by the testes |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. it acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. * it is NOT secreted by the thyroid gland |
| thyroxine(T4) | secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. it increases metabolism in cells |
| triiodothyronine (T3) | secreted by the thyroid gland; it increases metabolism in cells. |
| vasopressin | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| catecholamines | hormones derived from amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. ei. epinephrine |
| corticosteroids | hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
| electrolyte | mineral salt found in the blood and necessary for proper functioning of cells; ei. potassium, sodium, calcium |
| glucocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response |
| homeostasis | tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment |
| hormone | substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland |
| hypothalamus | region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland |
| mineralocorticoid | steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. ei. aldosterone |
| receptor | cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited |
| sella turcica | cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland |
| sex hormones | steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics |
| steroid | complex substance related to fats, and of which many hormones are made. ei. estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocoticoids |
| sympathomimetic | pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. ei. adrenaline which raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways |
| target tissue | cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones |
Created by:
lgibbs
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