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Pathology
More info from Block 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diseases a/w Collagen deficits | scurvy (Vit C deficiency); Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
| disease w/ elastin/fibrillin deficit | Marfan syncrome |
| vascular transmigration; facilitated by PECAM-1 | diapedesis |
| vascular dilation esp arterioles; increase vascular permeability esp venules | histamine |
| increase vascular permeability | serotonin |
| release arachidonic acid from lipid membrane of cells; release PAF from lipid membrane of cells | PLA2 |
| indcues platelet agreggation; induce neutrophil oxidative burst; induce arachidonic acid production by activating PLA2; induces leukocyte-endothelial adhesion | Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) |
| secreted by NK cells; plays the predominant role in macrphage activation (esp in relation to granuloma formation) | interferon gamma (INF-y) |
| stimulate neutrophil adhesion | leukotrienes |
| exert an inhibitory effect on many inflammation processes | lipoxins |
| elevated ESR | RBCs clump because of the increase of acute phase proteins esp fibrinogen |
| occurs when injurious agent or forgein material cannot be eradicated & body switches to a strategy of containment | Chronic Suppurative inflammation |
| chronic macrophage activation causes macrophages to swell and take on an epitheloid cell appearance | Granulomatous inflammation |
| most common cause of MV stenosis? | Rheumatic heart disease |
| most common cause of MV regurgitation? | papillary dysfunctino due to ischemic heart dis or Mitral valve prolapse due to myxomatous degenration of the MV |
| most common cause of aortic valve stenosis? | congenital bicuspid aortic valve & senile fibrocalcific degeneration |
| most common cause of myocarditis? | Coxsackie B & Adenovirus type 2 & 3 |
| mitral valve stenosis triad? | 1) loud S1; 2) mitral valve opening snap; 3) mid-distolic murmur best heard @ cardiac apcex |
| primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a/w mutations in the??? | myosin heavy beta chain; actin; tropomyosin; titin |
| where do we see WHORLED PATTERN in the myocardial muscle bundles? | Primary Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
| pulmonary circulation maintained by Right Atrium | Fontan heart (seen in Arrhythmogenic RV Cardiomyopathy) |
| repalcemnt of portions of the myocardial wall, usually the RV by fibrofatty tissue w/ loss of cardiocytes; show interved T waves in anterior chest leads over R ventricle and epsilon wave in early ST segment; only effective Tx: defibrillator implantation | Arrythmogenic RV Cardiomyopathy |
| Where is S3, S4 & S7 present? | Congestive Heart Failure |
| difficulty in repolarization leads to uncoordinated repolarization which predisposes to episodes of spontaenous ventricular re-entry arrythmias sep Torsade de Pointes | Long QT syndrome |
| compensatory mechanism of cells incapable of cell division | hypertrophy |
| organs where fatty change (steatosis) is common? | liver, myocardiumk kidney |
| enzymatically binds to damaged proteins to facilitate their removal | ubiquitin |
| proteins involved in apoptosis also involved in tumoregenesis | bcl2 & p53 |
| adult progeria; autosomal recessive; defective DNA helicase enzymes | Werner Syndrome |
| pediatric progeria | Cockayne syndrome |
| Connective tissue disorder; autosomal recessive | Acrogeria |
| help regulate the clotthing cascade | alpha-2-antiplasmin |
| inhibits the initiation of complement cascade | c1 esterase inhibitor |
| neutralize reactive oxygen radicals | Metal binding protein (manganese superoxide dismutase) |
| increased levels of bone marrow granulopoiesis; cytoplasmic areas of condensed ribosomes | Dohle bodies |
| valve most likely involved in IVDA related Infective endocarditis | Tricuspid valve |
| Infective Endocarditis where pahents have NO structural disease and NO preexisting heart murmur | community acquired ACUTE IE |
| s/s: intermittent claudication, impotence, decreased or absent femoral pulses; a/w aortic narrowing in the abdominal aorta below the renal stenosis | Leriche syndrome |
| fibrointimal proliferation creating 'onion skin' appearache; commonly located in kidnyes | hyperplastic arteriosclerosis |
| higher lipid content of lipid core; thinner fibrous cap; increased leukocyte activity at shoulder regions of plaque | vulnerable plaque |
| due to reoxygenation in reversible cardiocyte injury which causes extreme contraction of the cardiocyte filaments | contraction band necrosis 'rigor bands' |
| retina may demonstrate orange-yellow plaque at bifurcation of vessels | Hollenhurst plaque (seen in cholesterol embolization syndrome) |
| red-blue skin momttling in reticular (net-like) pattern over distal extremities due to blood flow stasis | cutaneous livedo reticularis |
| chronic hypoxia due to chronic respiratory insufficiency due to inhibition of respiratory movement from obesity | Pickwickian syndrome |
Created by:
cbelmonte
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