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Which dynasty was a major power in China during this period? The Song Dynasty.
What philosophy did the Song Dynasty revive to help justify its rule? Confucianism
What was Neo-Confucianism? Neo-Confucianism was a new form of Confucianism that incorporated some ideas from Buddhism and Taoism.
How did Confucianism affect the social structure of Song China? It emphasized a hierarchical society, where people were expected to respect and obey those above them.
How were women viewed under Confucian social structures? Women were generally expected to have a subordinate role in society.
What practice demonstrated the limited status of elite women in Song China? Foot binding was one practice that restricted women's mobility and reflected their lower social position.
How did the Song Dynasty organize its bureaucracy? The government used a merit-based bureaucracy, with officials selected through civil service examinations.
What did students study for the civil service examinations? They studied Confucian Classics and related Confucian teachings.
Why were civil service examinations important? They allowed qualified people to earn government positions based on their performance rather than simply their family background.
Which regions were strongly influenced by Chinese culture during the Song period? Korea, Japan, and Vietnam were strongly influenced by China.
What Chinese cultural ideas spread to neighboring regions? Ideas such as Confucianism, Buddhism, writing systems, and government practices spread to neighboring areas.
How was Japan influenced by China? Japan adopted several Chinese cultural practices, including Buddhism and the Chinese writing system, while maintaining its own political independence.
How was Vietnam influenced by China? Vietnam adopted Confucianism, Buddhism, and the civil service examination system.
Did neighboring countries completely become part of China? No. They adopted Chinese cultural practices while generally maintaining their own political independence.
What other major religion continued to influence China during the Song Dynasty? Buddhism continued to have a significant influence.
What form of Buddhism became important in China? Chan Buddhism became an important form of Buddhism in China.
What helped the Song Dynasty's economy grow? Commercialization, agricultural innovations, improved transportation, and increased production helped the economy grow.
What was Champa rice? Champa rice was a fast-growing, drought-resistant variety of rice that increased agricultural production.
How did Champa rice help China? It allowed farmers to produce more food, helping support population growth.
What was the Grand Canal used for? The Grand Canal helped transport people and goods, connecting different parts of China.
What happened to commercialization during the Song Dynasty? Commercialization increased, meaning people increasingly produced goods for trade and markets.
What technological and industrial developments helped the Song economy? Improvements in areas such as iron and steel production, shipbuilding, and navigation helped the economy grow.
How did transportation improvements affect trade? Better transportation made it easier to move goods and increased trade within China and beyond.
What were the major developments in Song China from 1200–1450? Major developments included the revival of Confucianism, growth of the bureaucracy, Chinese cultural influence on neighboring regions, continued Buddhist influence, agricultural innovations, commercialization, and technological advances.
Imperial bureaucracy government system where an emperor rules through a large group of appointed officials who manage different parts of the empire.
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