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Islam Review Guide

Unit 1 - Test Study (PART 2 ~ KEY TERMS)

TermDefinition
Bedouin Nomadic Arab peoples who traveled based on the seasons.
Ka'aba Sacred shrine in Mecca; Muhammad later declared it a sacred shrine of Islam.
Allah Arabic word for God.
Mecca / Makkah Arabian trade and religious center; Muhammad was born there and Islam originated there.
Medina / Madinah City where Muhammad and followers moved in 622 and formed the first Muslim community.
Qur'an Holy book of Islam; Muslims believe it preserves Allah’s final revelations to Muhammad and guides ethics and law.
Muslim Person following Islam.
Mosque Muslim place of worship.
Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars.
Five Pillars of Islam Belief, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Shari'ah Rules, principles, and laws applying Quranic teachings to Muslim life.
Hadith Texts recording Muhammad’s sayings and actions; important for Islamic law and moral guidance.
Caliph Political leader of the Muslim community after Muhammad, with some spiritual influence.
Caliphate Political system/community ruled by a caliph.
Sheikh Arab tribal leader chosen by a council of elders.
Hijrah Muhammad’s 622 migration from Mecca to Medina; a major turning point that created the first Muslim community.
Jihad “Struggle”; the source describes early Muslim leaders viewing it as defensive perseverance and protection of their beliefs and way of life.
People of the Book Christians and Jews, recognized as followers of earlier revealed traditions; they could practice their religions and self-rule by paying jizyah.
Sunni Muslims who accepted the Umayyads as caliphs and did not require a descendant of Muhammad to be political ruler.
Shia Muslims who accepted descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam and honored Hussein’s struggle.
Vizier High-ranking adviser/official who advised the Abbasid caliph.
Sultan Ruler with military and political power; Seljuk sultans held those powers while the Abbasid caliph retained religious authority.
Bazaar Covered marketplace offering goods and services.
Dowry Payment/property associated with marriage; the source connects it to marriage and notes men could have up to four wives if they could afford a dowry.
Astroblade Instrument perfected by Muslim scholars and used by sailors for navigation.
Arabesques Geometric/floral decorative patterns used in Islamic art.
Minaret Tower associated with a mosque from which the muezzin called the faithful to prayer 5 times a day.
Muezzin The crier who calls the faithful Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque.
Created by: user-2063195
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