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World History 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humanism | Admired Greeks and Romans and focused on human achievement |
| Patron | Financial supporter of the arts |
| Florence | Symbol of The Renaissance |
| Perspective | Distant objects appear smaller, than closer objects |
| Renaissance | A revival of art, learning, and ideas |
| Leonardo | Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | Statue of David, painted Sistine Chapel |
| Raphael | Painted The School of Athens |
| Baldassare Castiglione | Wrote The Book of Courtier |
| Machiavelli | Wrote The Prince |
| Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | It's the state that had a lot of money and was the center of trade |
| What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? | Art and learning |
| How did Humanist scholars differ from medieval thinkers? | Humanist scholars used logic to question instead of following church tradition. Also they focused on THIS life Medieval thinkers focused on religion and the afterlife. |
| According to Castiglione, what describes the ideal woman? | Outward beauty is a true sign of inner goodness |
| What did Machiaveli argue about in the Prince? | How to become a better ruler. Two famous quotes were how "The ends justifies the means, and It's better to be feared than loved." |
| Vernacular | Everyday common language |
| Utopian | Perfect ideal society |
| Johann Gutenberg | Produces the first complete Bible using the Printing Press |
| Saint Thomas More | Humanist in England and writes the book of Utopia (ideal society) |
| Shakespeare | Expresses universal themes and his plays. |
| Printing Press | A machine that quickly prints books and papers. |
| What was the first full-sided book Gutenberg printed? | The Bible (1455) |
| What type of society did More depict in his book Utopia? | Perfect ideal society where everyone lived in peace and harmony. |
| Medieval Art vs. Renaissance Art | Medieval Art was mostly religious and less realistic. Renaissance Art was more realistic, detailed, and focused on people. |
| Indulgences | Pardon for a sin |
| Diet | Assembly or legislature |
| Predestination | Idea that God had predetermined who would gain salvation (Heaven) |
| Geneva | The Swiss City, in 1541, John was asked to establish a Christian community. |
| Theocracy | A government run by religious leaders. |
| 95 Theses | Luther/s 95 formal complaints against the Pope |
| Martin Luther | Wrote the 95 Theses |
| Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor |
| John Calvin | Preached predestination |
| Who wrote the 95 Theses | Martin Luther |
| What was Luther's main objection to the church? | Can't buy forgiveness |
| Why are followers of Luther referred to as "Protestant" | Popes power |
| What were Luther's main beliefs? | Salvation comes through faith and faith alone. |
| Who preached predestination? What city asked him to start a theocracy | John Calvin and Geneva |
| What was the Peace of Augsburg? What did it achieve? | Fighting between the Catholic and Lutheran Church. Each prince gets to determine Lutheranism or Catholicism. |
| How did Martin Luther react to the Peasant Rebellion? | Denounced it, which it was crushed. |
| What choices made by the church led to the Protestant Reformation and why? | Selling indulgences |
| By what authority and with what kind of power did the Catholic Church fight against the heresy of the Reformation? | The Catholic Church used its religious authority and political power to fight the Reformation. |
| Sect | Smaller denomination |
| Canonize | Recognized as a saint |
| Compromise | Work between 2 sides for salvation |
| Henry VIII | 6 wife's, who split England from Rome |
| Mary Tudor | Killed 800 people (Bloody Mary), Phillip was married to her |
| Elizabeth | Queen of compromise |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Spanish knight, founder of Jesuits |
| Teresa of Avila | Recognized and reform Spanish convents and monasteries |
| Who was agreed upon at the Council of Trent? What was its purpose? | Cancel/banned selling of indulgences. To direct the reform of the Catholic Church. |
| Who were Anabaptists? | They rejected infant baptism |
| Why did Henry VIII want an annulment from Catherine of Argon? | She couldn't give him a son and he was in love with Anne Boleyn |
| Why did the Pope not grant Henry an annulment? | Catherine's powerful nephew controlled Rome and breaking Church's rules would ruin the Pope's authority. |
| Why does Henry believe his marriage to Catherine is "cursed"? | He had no surviving sons, so he thought God was punishing him for marrying his brother's widow. |
| What did Elizabeth accomplish? | Prevent future wars and compromise between Protestant and Catholic practices. |
| What led to the formation of the Church of England? | He could grant his own divorce and gain the total power of the country. |
| Who were the Jesuits? What was their main goal? | Society of Jesus. Defend and protect the Catholic Church. |
| What change did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation? | To fix its problems, the Catholic Church stopped selling forgiveness, trained its priests properly, and sent Jesuits to teach and spread faith. |
| Heliocentric Theorem | Where the sun is the center of the universe, |
| Galileo Gailee | Astronomer who supported the Heliocentric Theory |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Astronomer who supported the Heliocentric Theory |
| Johannes Keppler | Math mathematician who proves the Heliocentric Theory |
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