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World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the economic role of cities? | centers of consumption |
| ____ was used after bronze, copper, and gold. | Iron |
| Why did pseudo-cities start building walls, towers, and gates? | to defend agricultural wealth from raids |
| Physical structure of a city | urbs |
| Latin word for city as a political body | civita |
| What are the ages of ancient man named after? | the materials predominantly used for tools and weapons |
| What was Gilgamesh searching for? | Eternal Life |
| Who took the secret of Eternal Life away from Gilgamesh? | a snake |
| Were Sumer and Mesopotamia monotheistic or polytheistic? | polytheistic |
| What is the famous Mesopotamian legal document? | Hammurabi's Code |
| What were ziggurats meant to mimic? | mountains |
| What was cuneiform written on? | clay tablets |
| What does "Mesopotamia" mean? | The Land Between the Rivers |
| What are the symbols in cuneiform similar to? | syllables |
| What was the first civilization in Mesopotamia? | Sumer |
| Who was the king that ruled over the height of the Old Babylonian Empire? | Hammurabi |
| What were the new political leaders that emerged in Sumer from 3000-2340 BCE? | warrior kings |
| Mesopotamian religion was ___________, while Egyptian religion was __________. | pessimistic; optimistic |
| When was there a brief resurgence of Sumerian civilization? | The Third Dynasty of Ur |
| Mesopotamian time and geometry was based on the numbers __ and __. | 12;60 |
| What was the Mesopotamian writing system? | cuneiform |
| What rivers was Mesopotamia between? | The Tigris and the Euphrates |
| Who is considered the "Mesopotamian Noah"? | Ut-Napishtim |
| Which invader established the first united empire in Mesopotamia? | Sargon of Akkad |
| When did the Egyptian Empire take place? | New Kingdom |
| When were pyramids important in Egyptian culture? | the Old Kingdom |
| Who ruled over the height of the Egyptian Empire? | Ramesses II |
| What were pharoahs' main duties? | To maintain Ma'at(cosmic order) |
| The ______ invaded Egypt and set up their own rule in Lower Egypt. | Hyksos |
| _________ tried to create a form of monotheism in Egypt and King ___________ got rid of it. | Akhenaten; Tutankhamun |
| Who was the legendary warrior king that united Upper and Lower Egypt? | Menes |
| Egyptian history is divided into ruling families called _________. | dynasties |
| Who was the Egyptian god of death and rebirth? | Osiris |
| What was the major Phoenician innovation in writing? | the alphabet |
| Who ruled over the height of the Kingdom of Israel and built the first temple in Jerusalem? | Solomon |
| What turned the Hebrew into a community based almost entirely on common religion? | Babylonian Captivity |
| Who freed the Jews from their Babylonian exile? | the Persians |
| Who do the Hebrews claim descent from? | Abraham |
| What is the relationship between Hebrews and their God referred to as? | covenant |
| What movement emerged during the period of the Hebrew kingdoms and preached repentance? | Prophets |
| What was the first enduring monotheistic religion? | Hebrew |
| What did the completion of the Hebrew conquest of Canaan lead to? | the beginning of kingship |
| What kingdom had Jerusalem as its capital and was considered the "successor Kingdom" of the Kingdom of Israel? | Judah |
| Who is the Hebrew god? | Yahweh |
| Where did Abraham come to Canaan from? | Ur in Mesopotamia |
| What was the most important decisive event in Hebrew history? | Exodus |
| Where were tablets containing Hebrew Law kept? | the Ark of the Covenant |
| What were the war leaders of the 12 Hebrew tribes called during the invasion and settlement of Canaan? | judges |
| Who captured Jerusalem and made it their capital? | King David |
| What linguistic group did Greek language and culture belong to? | Indo-European |
| What was the most renowned Mycenaean military adventure that was commemorated in later Greek literature? | Destruction of Troy |
| Who were the first Greek people to build a civilization in the Bronze Age? | Mycenaeans |
| When did Greece develop a democracy? | during the "Archaic Age" |
| What two battles did the Athens and Spartans decisively defeat Persia in? | Salamis and Plataea |
| What was the Greek heroic ideal of excellence through competition referred to as? | Aretc |
| What was different about Greek polis than other cities? | polis were communities rather than physical areas |
| What was the battle in which 300 Spartans held off the Persian army for several days? | Thermopylae |
| What was the Hoplite Phalanx? | a tight infantry formation of Greek soldiers |
| Did Greek city-states have kings? | no |
| Who was the Athenian political leader associated with the 'perfect' democracy? | Pericles |
| What did Pericles use to fund his expansion of Athenian democracy? | the Delian League Treasury |
| What cities had a distinct urban area with agriculture? | Hellenistic Cities |
| Did Alexander the Great conquer China? | no |
| _________ was Alexander the Great's tutor. | Aristotle |
| What did Greek philosophy reflect? | humanism |
| What decisive battle completed Macedonia's conquest of Greece? | Chaeronea |
| What does "Man is the measure of all things" reflect? | Sophism |
| What were major elements of the new Macedonian army of Philip II? | Aristocratic cavalry and common infantry |
| Who conquered Southern Greece of the city-states? | Philip II |
| Who went through with a campaign of conquests across the known world of 330 BCE? | Alexander the Great |
| Which Greek philosopher's ideas were closest to that of the scientific method? | Aristotle |
| What was the religion during the Hellenistic period? | mysterious religions |
| Who was the Greek historian with human perspective? | Thucydides |
| How often were Roman officials selected? | every year |
| Old Indo-European/Latin war band structure was preserved in _________ and ________. | Patronage; Clientale |
| ______ is the Roman leader associated with a radical change in army recruitment. | Marius |
| The ___ _______ is the Roman government official closest to the President. | Two Consuls |
| The Roman Republic government did not have an ________. | emperor |
| Latin is part of the ____-________ linguistic group. | Indo-European |
| The last civil war of the Roman Republic was ________ vs. ______ and _________. | Octavian; Antony; Cleopatra |
| The Battle of ______ ended the last civil war of the Roman Republic. | Actium |
| What form of government did Romans establish with the end of the Etruscan Rule? | republic |
| Etruscans did not introduce _____ to the Romans. | Latin |
| Where did the first Punic War take place? | Sicily and the western Mediterranean |
| Rome adopted Hellenistic ideas of _________ _____ and _______ ___ in its conquest of Greece. | Universal State; Natural Law |
| What were Roman military governors in the provinces outside of Italy called? | proconsuls |
| What was the region of Italy that brought the Romans into confrontation with Carthage? | Magna Graecia |
| Roman patronage and clientale gave rise to the social classes of __________ and _________. | Patricians; Plebeians |
| Who initiated legislation in the government of the Roman city-state? | consuls and tribunes |
| What did Hannibal's strategy in Italy prove? | the strength of the Roman alliance system |
| How would Tribunes provide checks on an action by the Roman state? | vetos |
| The basic requirement to fight in the early Roman empire was to ___ ____; ______ changed this to allow the landless poor to enlist. | own land; Marius |
| 500 BCE: Roman ________; 500 CE: Roman ______ | Republic; Empire |
| In early Rome, only __________ could hold public office. | Patricians |
| What was the first Roman alliance system after the formation of the republic? | Latin League |
| What was the fundamental power of the Roman senate? | coercive advice |
| SPQR signifies the Roman ______ and ______. | senate; people |
| Most battles of the second Punic War were fought in _____. | Italy |
| How many Etruscan kings ruled over Rome? | three |
| __________ was the change from Italian small farmer to landless city dweller. | Latifundia |
| Rome vs. Carthage was the _____ ____. | Punic Wars |
| ___________ is not part of the Roman character. | Exclusivity |
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