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Co-Lin
World Civilizations (Part 1)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | the biggest change was the shift from hunting animals and gathering plants for sustenance to producing food by systematic agriculture |
| Civilization | a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements |
| Polytheism | the worship of numerous gods characterized by Mesopotamian religion |
| Monotheism | the belief in only one God |
| Dharma | the core of the Buddha's doctrine known as the Four Noble Truths |
| Brahman | the Universal Soul; the Upanishads taught that each person participates in a larger cosmic order & is one with a universal soul |
| Hinduism | the religion that emerged from the earliest known Indian religious tradition |
| Buddhism | a new doctrine founded upon Siddhartha Gautama that appeared in northern India in the 6th century BC that began to rival the popularity of Brahmanical beliefs thru-out the subcontinent |
| Nirvana | a state of perfect spiritual independence |
| Veneration of ancestors | this practice was based on the belief that dead relatives had the power to support and protect their surviving families but only if their descendants displayed proper respect & ministered to the spirits' needs |
| Mandate of Heaven | Chinese belief that the emperors ruled thru the approval of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population |
| Daoism | Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, & it called for a policy of noncompetition |
| Polis | the Greek city-states which emerged during the Dark Ages; Greek term for the city-state |
| Stoicism | Hellenistic philosophers who encouraged their followers to lead active, virtuous lives & to aid others |
| Consuls | were elected by an assembly dominated by the noble classes, known in Rome as the patricians, & they served one-year terms |
| Senate | elected Roman aristocrats with extensive political experience; advised the consuls & ratified all major decisions |
| Patrician | the Roman noble class |
| Plebeian | Roman common people |
| Pax Romana | facilitated economic & political integration from the 1st to the middle of the 3rd century c.e. |
| Mesoamerica | location in which one of the 1st civilizations in the Western Hemisphere began to appear |
| Umma | Islamic term for the "community of the faithful" |
| Crusades | During Middle Ages, zealous Christians formed a series of military-religious orders; most prominent were Templers, Hospitallers, & Teutonic Knights, who pledged to devote their lives to the struggle against Muslims & pagans |
| Sufis | Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion & devotion than on strict adherence to rules |
| Swahili | East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa & was active in trade; also, a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language |
| Pantheism | belief in a single creator god from whom all things came; sometimes the creator god was accompanied by a whole pantheon of lesser deities |
Created by:
wellis76
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