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Anthropology
Approaches to the study of religion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Religion definition | involves a conception of "reality" beyond our immediate senses, and how we conduct ourselves (morality, values, rituals) + how we unite ourselves with shared beliefs |
| EMIC + ETIC | types of perspectives. emic =insider perspective, trying to see the view of the people being studied; etic = outsider perspective, from a standpoint of science or theory |
| Ethnocentrism definition | using ones own culture as the basis for interpreting (and often judging) other cultures |
| Cultural relativism definition | an attempt to understand the world from the perspective of the other |
| Theory definition | a supposition or set of ideas intended to explain something; an idea to account for something (hypothesis) set of principles on which an activity is based (economic theory) |
| Evolutionary approach (approach, person, summary) | Edward Tyler & James Fraser. focus on origins of religion, unilineal evolution of the late 1800's only 1 way for humans to evolve. (Tyler = animism>polytheism>monotheism) (James= magic>religion>science) |
| Evolutionary approach (example) | ? |
| Animism (type of society associated, structures of authority, access to religious entities) | foragers; egalitarian (all are equal); everyone has access |
| Polytheism (type of society associated, structures of authority, access to religious entities) | early states; multiple leaders; access through temple priests |
| Monotheism (type of society associated, structures of authority, access to religious entities) | developed states; single rulers (king); single leader of religion (pope) |
| Social approach (approach, person, summary) | Emile Durkheim. r is a unified system of belief regarding the sacred + profane; r is a social phenomenon but indivs in collective rites experience something greater. indivs are egoistic but there is a "collective con." that forms basis of moral society |
| Social approach (example) | shared set of ideas/beliefs/moral attidudes, symbols are collective representations, rituals are shared coll. expressions |
| Social approach (example) | ? |
| Functionalist approach (approach, person, summary) | Bronislaw Malinowski; focus on practical aspects, how r beliefs/practices function for ppl in society, r as adaptive/integraative force |
| Functionalist approach (example) | ? |
| Ideological approach (approach, person, summary) | Karl Marx; r as a human construction, created to rationalize or mask existing power relations in society |
| Ideological approach (example) | ? |
| Interpretive approach (approach, person, summary) | Clifford Geertz; r as "webs of significance"; about meaning; religion provies a model of and for religion |
| Interpretive approach (example) | ? |
| Deism definition | |
| Transtheism definition | |
| Psychoanalysis (approach, person, summary) | Sigmund Freud; beings in medicine then studies neurotics, discovers the imp. of the unconscious. libido drives much behavior-much of what we do is driven by uncon. impulses. r as a col rep of indiv concerns, psychological defense to handle conflict/events |
| id stuff idk?? | ??? |
| Psychoanalysis (example) | r as a coll "illusion", wish fufullment of a father-like deity that protects, believes r is false but acknowledges its strong emtional offerings of security |
| Freidrich Nietzshe | philosopher, 1880's, recognigtion of the decline of traditional religious authority in modern europe |
| Analytical Psychology approach (approach, person, summary) | Carl Jung; accepts religion as evolutionarily derieved; god/other supernatural beings are reflections of our own inner sources of the mind, the "psyche"; collective uncon. shared among beings of same species; individuation to make person "whole" |
| Analytical Psychology approach (example) | |
| Jung + anthropological approach similarities | all r's are equal; r is a human phenomenon;cultural mythologies as archetypes of the uncon; humanistic take on religion but scientific in origin (also critqued for being too general/mystical) |
| Phenomenological approach (approach, person, summary) | Mircea Eliade; hierophany: a manifestation of the sacred, its a unique independent human phenomenon balencing the sacred and the profane |
| Phenomenological approach (example) | |
| Postmodern approach (approach, person, summary) | |
| Postmodern approach (example) | |
| 4 most modern concepts | |
| Reflexitivity (postmodern definition) | |
| Positionality (postmodern definition) | |
| Multivocality (postmodern definition) | |
| Deconstruction (postmodern definition) | |
| Sum of approaches to religion | religion is a multifaceted phenomena that requires broad defintions to encompass the range of human beliefs + practices; anthropologists apprach study of r with many theoretical perspectives |
Created by:
every_august
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