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Anthropology

origins of religion

QuestionAnswer
Evolutionary/adaptive approach to religion pros increased human survuval; reproductive success; enhances cleanliness thru rituals; proper behavior about environment; promotes morality; increases solidarity
Evolutionary/adaptive approach to religion limitations people who survive have religion, therefore it is adaptive/functional; there is dysfunctional religions
Cognitive vs. physical environment cognitive: world experienced thru senses; physical: actual world that beings + things inhabit
Religion as genetic a "god gene": specific gene for predis. to r/mystical experiences- genetic disposition for sociality/mental abstraction so r is a by-product of these evolutionary advances
Religion compensating for advanced human brain? humans have increased time consciouness of the future (dread, fear, death) and the past (guilt, regret, truamatic memories)
Earliest signs of religion symbolic (immaterial, behavior, non human actors) seperation (sacred/profane) ritualism (repeated patterns of behavior)
First signs of religion (in homo sapians) examples? paint/red ochre in blombos cave S.A; "the sorcerer" Les troise freres cave france 13 kya, "bird-man" with bision painting Lascaux cave france 17 kya
Cave bear cult hypothesis of paleolithic neanderthals worshipped cave bears because of accumulation of bear skulls/bones in Drachenloch cave in switzerland could have been evidence of something sacred
Therioanthropy definition the notion that humans can chnage into other animal forms (theriomorphs are images of human-animal forms) often inpreted as abilities of shamans ethnographically; are usually men
Earliest example of human sculpture lion human of hohlenstein-stadel; 30-40-kya carved from mammoth tusk
Human representation (upper paleolithic religion) mainly non human animals; humans are not dominant over animals-equality + ability for interation thru spiritual means
Chauvet cave upper paleolithic cave site with art; aurignacian period 30-33 kya
Upper paleolithic religion summary at least 40 kya; nomadic foraging cultures in small bands; shamanistic r; fluidity/permeability between of form (t images) respect for animals; valuing of womens reproductive power
Neolithic peroid summary "new stone age" switch from nomadic foraging lifeways to settled farming communites; occurs ealiest with natufian culture about 14 kya
Gobekli tepi archaeological site 10-12 kya; SE turkey; 200 T shaped pillars in 20 circular formations; later pillars in rectangular rooms and polished lime floors, transitional site between neolithic + paleolithic, wild animals on walls
Catalhoyuk early neolithic town; no temples but shrines in every home; veneration (respect) of cattle, no government buildings just homes
Neolithic imagery most figurines still animals' female diety images seemed to outnumber male but some suggested balence in between the 2
Neolithic religion expressions larger scales of society correspond with larger scales of religeious expressions; veneration of domestic animals; creation of monumental religious sites
Summary of archaeological origins r is difficult but possible to interpret in the arch. record (look at main 3 notions) importance of those long lasting sites; r early on appears to draw people together in sacred spaces
Created by: every_august
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