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WEEK 4:
Renal histology:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| general function of urinary system | production, storage and voiding of urine |
| position of kidney | posterior abdominal wall behind peritoneum and at level of T12-L3 vertebrae. Posteriorly deep to 11th and 12th rib and right kidney is slightly lower level (2.5cm) than left kidney |
| shape of kidney | lateral margin is convex, medial margin is concave (overall bean shaped) |
| ureter position | |
| bladder position | |
| urethra | |
| urethra in males | |
| urethra in females | |
| important function in kidneys (6) | filtration of blood, modification of filtrate, production of urine, regulation of body fluid, exo/endocrine function, and synthetic function |
| requirement for the kidney to filtrate blood to remove toxins | kidneys need optimal vascular supply and microcirculation |
| explain the exo/endocrine function of kidneys | |
| cortex of kidney | outer layer with columns of Bertin lying between individual units of medulla |
| medulla of kidney | |
| the collecting system (calyces) unite to form | renal pelvis |
| renal pelvis connects to | ureter |
| walls of calyces and ureter contains | smooth muscle (to allow propulsion of urine) |
| what is needed for peristaltic contraction | inherent pacemaker |
| uriniferous tubule is made from (2) | nephron and collecting tubule |
| nephron can be classified as what depending on location of renal corpuscle (3) | cortical, midcortical, or juxtamedullary |
| types of Loops of Henle in cortical nephrons | shorter |
| types of Loops of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons | longer and deeper in medulla |
| difference between loop of Henle in cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons | cortical nephrons have shorter loops of Henle but juxtamedullary nephrons have longer Loops of Henle deeper in the medulla |
| single renal artery | |
| blood flow to kidneys is about what % of cardiac output (1.25L/min) | |
| renal vein drains into | IVC |
| filtration takes place across which 3 layers | fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and filtration slits between podocytes |
| function of supporting tissue within glomerulus | intra-glomerular mesangial cells |
| functions of intra-glomerular mesangial cells (4) | support of capillary loops, contracting and regulating blood flow, secretes prostaglandin, angiotensin II and inflammatory response |
| function of proximal convoluted tubule | reabsorption of filtrate |
| the proximal tubule is linedwith | epithelial cells |
| proximal convoluted tubule contains | |
| histological appearance of proximal convoluted tubule | |
| loop pf henle begins and ends with(appearnace) | |
| lining cells for a sample of what in loop of henle | |
| distal tubes | |
| distal (convoluted tubules) function (3) | |
| macula densa | |
| difference between food in macula dendsa and | |
| lacis cells | |
| renin-producing granular JG cells | |
| collecting ducts | |
| urothelium | |
| cells of basement membrane | |
| shape of more superficial cells changes as | |
| importance of surface specialisations | |
| importance of the transitional epithelium being impermeable | |
| features of the urothelium | |
| ureters enter bladder in what position | obliquely |
| filling of bladder causes | |
| contraction of detrusor muscle assist in | |
| what surrounds urethral outlet | |
| ring of smooth muscle surrounds urethral outlet to form | |
| urethra passes through | |
| urogenital diaphragm contains | |
| bladder is lined with | transitional epithelium |
| as bladder fills what happens to detrusor muscle bundles | |
| bladder diverticula forms when | |
| parts of urethra in males (3) | prostatic portion, membranous portion and penile urethra |
| prostatic portion of urethra | |
| membranous portion of urethra | |
| penile portion of urethra | |
| urethral epithelial lining | |
| describe external sphincter in females |
Created by:
22tango
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