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WEEK 2:
Introduction to lower GI tract:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| clinical view of the lower GIT | from the point of view of GI bleeding |
| clinical view of upper GI (bleed) | above the duodenojejunal junction |
| clinical view of lower GI (bleed) | below the duodenojejunal junction |
| diagnostic view of the lower GIT | from the point of view of endoscopic imaging also the duodenojejunal function |
| diagnostic view of upper GIT | oesophagus, stomach, duodenum |
| diagnostic view of lower GIT | jejunum, ileum, caecum rectum, anus |
| conventional view of upper GIT | mouth to ileum |
| conventional view of lower GIT | caecum to anus |
| (location of liver (surface projection) | URQ (RH, E and into LH) deep to right ribs 7-11 extending across midline and located more inferiorly when standing/erect |
| gallbladder location (surface projection) | tip of right 9th rib in the midclavicular plane |
| removal of the liver/gallbladder requires cutting through (4) | portal triad, lesser omentum, coronary ligaments (triangular ligaments), and falciform ligament |
| porta hepatis | site where vessels, nerves and ducts enter and leave the liver |
| vessels that enter and leave the liver via porta hepatis | portal vein, hepatic artery, and lymphatics |
| nerves that enter and leave the liver via porta hepatis | hepatic nerve plexus |
| ducts that enter and leave the liver via porta hepatis | hepatic duct |
| anatomical lobes of the liver (4) | right, left, caudate and quadrate |
| functional lobes of the liver | independent right and left livers |
| difference between function lobes and anatomical lobes of liver | the functional lobes of the liver are more equal in size that anatomical lobes |
| functional lobes of liver include | 8 surgically resectable hepatic segments with primary branch of hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic duct |
| portal vein blood supply | 75-80% |
| hepatic artery blood supply | 25-30% |
| sites of anastomoses (4) | Inferior oesophagus, Anal canal, Paraumbilical region and Bare areas of secondarily retroperitoneal viscera |
| portal systemic anastomoses | source of collateral circulation |
| location of pancreas neck | overlies L1 at transpyloric plane |
| location of head of pancreas | right and inferior to transpyloric plane |
| location of tail of pancreas | left and superior to transpyloric plane |
| location of spleen | ULQ, LH associated posteriorly with ribs 9-11 |
| the pancreas location and features | retroperitoneal, head and uncinate process, neck, body and tail |
| features of pancreas | main pancreatic duct, major duodenal papilla, and accessory pancreatic duct |
| position of pancreas | retroperitoneal |
| position of spleen | intraperitoneal |
| largest lymphatic organ | spleen |
| spleen is entirely intraperitoneal except | hilum |
| what passes through spleen | large volume of blood |
| spleen is associated | posterior with left 9-11 ribs |
| ligaments in spleen | gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligament |
Created by:
22tango
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