Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
WEEK 2:
Upper GI tract and pathology:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all parts of alimentary canal have what layers (4) | mucosa (towards lumen), submucosa (deep to mucosa), muscularis externa )distinct from muscularis mucosae) and serosa/ adventitia |
| nerve plexuses in layers of tissue in alimentary canal (2) | submucous plexus and myenteric plexus |
| mucosa is made of | surface epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae |
| surface epithelium in mucosa everywhere else consists of | simple columnar epithelium |
| surface epithelium in mucosa in mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and anus consists of | non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium |
| lamina propria in mucosa consists of | collagen basement membrane and contains a lot of glands |
| muscularis mucosae in mucosa consists of | smooth muscle layer which separates mucosa above from submucosa below |
| difference between mucosae and externa | mucosae is smooth muscle but externa is skeletal |
| submucosa | dense network of connective tissue which attaches mucosa to muscularis externa |
| key features in submucosa | highly vascularised (blood vessels and lymphatic vessels) and contains submucous nerve plexus (network of sensory and parasympathetic motor neurons) |
| what is in the submucous nerve plexus in submucosa | sensory and parasympathetic motor neurons |
| what vessels are found in the submucosa (2) | blood and lymphatic vessels |
| muscularis externa consists of | skeletal muscle |
| function of muscularis externa | peristalsis via contraction of skeletal muscle |
| layers in muscularis externa | inner (circular muscle) and outer (longitudinal) muscle |
| inner layer in muscularis externa | circular |
| outer layer in muscularis externa | longitudinal |
| how many layers of muscularis externa in stomach | 3 (arranged obliquely) |
| what plexus is found between the muscularis externa layers | myenteric plexus |
| myenteric plexus | found between layers to coordinate nerve impulses that stimulate peristalsis |
| serosa | covering of peritoneum |
| adventitia | connective tissue |
| adventitia/ serosa purpose | acts as the outermost layer |
| difference between serosa and adventitia | serosa covers the peritoneum but adventitia is connective tissue |
| which TWO organs have glands in submucosa (2) | oesophagus and duodenum |
| describe the mucosa in oesophagus | highly folded mucosa |
| oesophagus epithelium consists of | stratified squamous non keratinised epithelium with glands in mucosa and submucosa |
| where are mucous glands in oesophagus | mucosa and submucosa |
| describe the muscularis externa in oesophagus | unusual - skeletal in first third and smooth in last third mixed in middle third |
| describe the outer layer of the oesophagus | can be both adventitia and serosa but last part beyond the diaphragm is covered with serosa (as its covered with peritoneum) |
| stomach epithelium | simple columnar epithelium which dips down to form gastric pits |
| where do gastric pits open into | gastric glands |
| layers in stomach | inner oblique, middle circular and outer longitudinal |
| gastric glands cell types (3) | parietal cells, HCL, chief cells and enteroendocrine cells |
| role of parietal cells | secrete intrinsic factor (needed for B12 absorption) and HCL (to keep pH at 1-2 to kill microorganisms and create ideal pH for peptidase enzymes) |
| chief cells role | |
| enteroendocrine cells role | |
| cells in gastric pit | |
| mucous cells role | |
| small intestine wall feature | many circular folds (plicae circularis) made of mucosa and submucosa (especially in jejunum) |
| plicae (intestinal villi) show | villi and microvilli |
| small intestinal villi sl18** | |
| cell types in villi | |
| lamina propria in small intestinal villi | extends between crypts and core of villus and has vessels and lymphatics |
| intestinal villus** sl20 | |
| sl21 | |
| role of glands in duodenum | Brunner's glands secrete alkaline fluid containing mucin to protect mucosa from acidic stomach contents entering duodenum |
| features of jejunum | prominent plicae and well developed villi |
| features of ileum | Peyer's patch (enormous collection of lymphocytes) and shorter plicae and villi |
| difference in jejunum and ileum plicae and villi | jejunum has prominent plicae and well developed villi but ileum has shorter plicae and villi |
| Barrett's oesophagus (metaplasia Barrett's oesophagus) | occurs when lining changes from squamous to columnar epithelium (glandular) due to repeated damage from gastric reflux |
| stomach pathology | |
| gastric ulcer caused by | H polyri infection |
| what happens in gastric ulcer | H pylori breaks down protective mechanisms (mucus) by producing ureas and acid damages stomach wall epithelium |
| what happens to continuing process in gastric ulcer | deep chronic ulcer |
| when damage and repair occurs simultaneously in gastric ulcer what occurs | |
| parietal cell | |
| intestinal pathology | |
| Meckel's diverticulum | congenital outpouching of small intestine leading to incomplete resorption of the vitelline duct with no symptoms or treatment needed and surgical removal if it causes bleeding/obstruction |
| obstruction | |
| symptoms of obstruction | |
| obstruction can lead to | |
| obstruction results in | |
| malabsorption causes | |
| manifestations of malabsorption | |
| coeliac disease | |
| coeliac disease risk factors | |
| coeliac disease diagnosis | |
| coeliac disease treatment | |
| coeliac disease has an increased risk for | |
| cystic fibrosis | |
| mechanism of CF |
Created by:
22tango
Popular Medical sets