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WEEK 2:

The normal human flora:

QuestionAnswer
microbiome community of microorganisms that inhabitat a particular environment
locations of microbiome skin, urogenital, oral, and digestive tract
what determines microbiome genetics, hygiene, diet, medicine, birth method, and age
injury to skin leads to destruction of physical barrier which exposes fibronectin where pathogens eg staphylococcus aureus bind and and invade damaged tissue
effect of antibiotics to microbiome reduce normal microbes and allow overgrowth of candida albicans which invade mucosa to cause thrush - which can also be seen in vagina and sometimes gut
effect of antibiotics in large intestine reduce normal flora and allow overgrowth bacteria (eg clostridium difficile) which attach to gut epithelium and produces toxins that cause local hypersecretion and exudate (pseudomembranous colitis)
clostridium difficile infection can be treated with faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) which is a transplantation of faecal bacteria from a healthy individual into recipient
examples of opportunistic infection NOT due to normal flora aspergillus fumigatus, cryptococcus neoformans, and toxoplasmosis
explain aspergillus fumigatus from air it invades lungs in leukaemia causing cavitation and pneumonitis
explain cryptococcus neoformans invades CNS causing meningitis
explain toxoplasmosis caused by toxoplasma gondii and can reactivate due to therapeutic or pathological immunosuppression causing meningoencephalitis
factors leading to opportunistic infection compromised immunity, effects of antibiotics on normal flora (loss of colonisation protection), and breach of physical barriers eg surgery or catheterisation
compromised immunity can be due to disease eg HIV patients, therapy eg chemotherapy, or organ transplant patients
Created by: 22tango
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