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WEEK 1:

Introduction to epidemiology:

QuestionAnswer
epidemiology definition quantitative study of the distribution and determinants of disease in populations and the application of this study to control health problems
reasons why epidemiology is important 1. help work out why individuals get particular conditions and what there is to help prevent this, 2. help understand risk factors, 3. help target preventative action and treatment
dilemmas with epidemiology 1. is housing etc concern of NHS 2. ethical and political disagreements over action and choice (smoking skills, how far should government and NHS change behaviour) 3. stereotyping 4. 'fairness' (treat greatest number and recognise minority needs)
case report type of academic report describing single patient in detail
case series type of academic report describing a few patients in detail
limitations of case reports lacks generalisability as only one case (could be a one-ff event)
how to overcome the lack of generalisability in case reports test whether findings occurred by chance (establish casual link) and determine whether findings are applicable to other patients
evidence based medicine definition conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about care of individual patients
potential concerns about the use of evidence based medicine 1. quality mark has been misappropriated by vested interests 2. volume of evidence is unmanageable 3. statistically significant benefits 4. follow algorithmic rules over patient centred 5. may map poorly to complex multi-morbidity
types of public health interventions education clinical intervention long lasting protective interventions changing the context to make the default healthier address socio-economic factors
how does epidemiology support public health 1. identify health problems, 2. identify risk and protective factors for disease, 3. monitor the impact of public health interventions
Created by: 22tango
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