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NHA
NHA CPT Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| zones of comfort | intimate (contact to 28 inches) personal (18 inches to 4 feet) social (4-12 feet) public (more than 12 feet) |
| professional healthcare workers embody | respect, integrity, compassion, honesty |
| HIPPA | patients right to privacy, confidentiality, patient information. |
| common HIPAA violations | poor communication, forgetting labels on a desk, no consent, unprofessional behavior, ignoring patient concerns, |
| HIPAA; | protect patient privacy |
| the zone of comfort for blood draw? Hope far is it? | intimate, contact to 18 inches. |
| which type of communication has the most impact? | nonverbal communication. |
| the difference between assault and battery? | assault is a threat, battery is touch |
| why are ethics important? | it builds trust. |
| number way to break the chain of infection | hand hygiene |
| gloves donât do what? | replace hand washing. and Hand washing is not good enough, must glove! |
| what is a vector? | person, insect, or animal |
| a fomite is? | Inanimate object (doorknob, patients bed, handrail.) |
| a healthcare associated infection is called? | nosocomial |
| the most common healthcare associated infection is? | urinary tract infections |
| transmission based precautions? | airborne, droplets, contact. |
| airborne precautions use? for what? | n95 mask. for tuberculosis, varicella, measles. |
| droplet precautions use? for what? | masks. for pneumonia, rubella, meningitis, flu, whooping cough (pertussis) |
| contact precautions use? for what? | Gowns, for diphtheria, mrsa (Mersa), herpes. |
| the most important safely precaution | patient identity |
| #1 way to prevent infection | hand hygiene |
| who is in charge of bio disposal? | OSHA |
| if syncope happens: | STOP, TAKE NEEDLE OUT, ACTIVATE SAFETY, BE CALM and PROTECT YOUR PATIENT |
| most errors occur in this stage of phlebotomy: | preanalytical |
| the two biggest errors in a phlebotomists responsibilities? | patient identity, bedside labeling |
| most errors occur when? | before the specimen goes to the lab. every step effects specimen quality. |
| if complications occur during a draw: | stop the draw. |
| blood flow through the body | body -> right heart -> lungs -> left heart -> body. |
| what is an erythrocyte? | red blood cell |
| what is a leukocyte? | white blood cell |
| what is a thrombocyte? | platelet |
| Arteries | have a pulse and carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. |
| Veins | used for venepuncture, Carrieâs deoxygenated blood to the heart. |
| heel sticks are for? | children under one year old |
| veins to avoid: | ⢠Sclerosed -> Scarred vein (too tough, clog needle) ⢠Occluded -> Blocked or obstructed (Fat or thick valves) ⢠Thrombosed -> Clotted veins (may allow clot to move, fatal) ⢠Tortuous -> Spiderweb veins (very thin, slow, cruddy) |
| fasting means: | no food or drink for 8-12 hours |
| hemolysis | ruptured (broken) red blood cells |
| hemoconcentration | pooling or red blood cells, usually from tourniquet being too tight |
| drawing from an arm with an IV. | draw below the IV or have nurse remove Iv and wait two minutes. |
| Serum draws: | Need to clot for 30-60 minutes before centrifugation. |
| plasma: | does (should) not clot |
| fibrinogen: | clots blood. if you need plasma then fibrinogen will be present in the plasma. if you need serum, fibrinogen will NOT be in the serum because it clotted the blood. |
| centrifuge usage requires: | balance! must use water filled vials of necessary for balance. |
| different qualities of centrifugated blood results: | normal, hemolyzed (pink), turbid (cloudy), licemic (fatty), icyteric (orange) |
| light blue tube must have | 1:9 blood ratio, if butterfly used must use a discard tube first. |
| neonatal screen card used where to draw? | Plantar lateral medial portion of heel, remember âone drop, one circleâ |
| pediatrics: | protect the child |
| geriatrics: | protect the vein |
| POCT: | point of care test. âtesting near the patientâ |
| quality control | verifies accuracy of test |
| no quality control? | no test. |
| blood donation collection: what gauge needle? how much is a unit? what additive? | 16-18 gauge. 500mL, ACD (acid citrate dextrose) |
| blood donation basics? | gravity draw with bag below donors arm, use a rocking device for mixing, NEVER combine bags. |
| what is polycythemia Vera? | too many red blood cells |
| what is hemochromatosis? | too much iron |
| what is apheresis? | blood components |
| what is plasmapheresis? | plasma |
| what is autologous? | self |
| what is homologous ? | other donors |
| while blood can be drawn for donation how often? | 56 days (9 weeks) |
| urinalysis types: | random, clean-catch (c&s:UTI), 24-hour (first out, the rest in), first morning (most concentration). |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity; (Bug and Drug) |
| infection on one side of the body; | bacteremia |
| systemic infection | septicemia |
| normal cholesterol levels | 141-200 mg/dl |
| what happens if the light blue tube is under filled? | it will take longer to clot. |
| quality control on a glucose monitor should be done how often? | every day before the meter is used |
| what is a shunt? | connects a vein and artery for dialysis |
| what is a fistula? | the new version created by a stunt (that connected Vein and an artery together) |
| chain of custody | Who handled it, When they handled it, Where it went. |
| blood culture sterile technique | - 60 - 30 - 60 = Clean -> Scrub ->Dry - Alcohol 60 seconds - Chlorhexidine 30 - Air dry 60 seconds DO NOT TOUCH SITE AGAIN |
| syringe draw for blood culture: | anaerobic first, aerobic second. |
| butterfly draw for blood culture: | aerobic first, anaerobic second |
| blood culture blood volume: | adults 10mL each bottle. children 5mL each bottle. |
| when you draw two sets of blood cultures: | use one arm first (document which arm) then the other arm after sixty minutes. |
| What are some well known airborne diseases? | Tuberculosis, Vericella, measles,. |
| What are some well known droplet diseases? | Rubella, Whooping Cough, Flu, Covid 14 |
| What are some well known contact diseases? | Herpes, Scabies, MRSA, Rubeola |
| Who can access lab results? | A Laboratory Clerk |
| Which tubes have EDTA? | Lavender, Pink, Royal blue with Lavender stripe, Tan. |
| What department does a Lavender Tube go to? | Hematology. (Think, CBC/A1C/ESR, hema=blood. All these tests are whole blood tests.) |
| What department does the Royal Blue Tube (with the red stripe) go to? | Toxicology for trace elements. |
| What department does the Royal Blue Tube (with the purple stripe) go to? | "Special chemistry" for nutrition studies. |
| What are blood cultures for? | Testing for infections. They go in a large bottle with nutrients and if there is an infection, they grow (like a plant) inside the bottle. |
| What department does a Yellow tube go to? | Microbiology, because blood cultures are tiny life growths. Micro = small, Bio = life, and ology = study of. So Microbiology = "The study of small life." |
| What is a thrombocyte? | Thrombo = "Clot", Cyte = "Cell" Clot cells are Platelets |
| What type of specimen is used for a renal failure patient | 24-hour urine test (how much urine is coming out, and quality of it) |
| What do Tortuous veins look like? | Windy, Crooked, (Spider) |
| What are sclerosed veins? | Veins that are scarred. Hard cord-like veins. |
| If a sample if grossly hemolyzed, what likely happened? | Improper needle gauge |
| This POC test checks patients Packed Cell Volume? | Hematocrit. Hema = Blood, Crit = Value |
| What is hemoglobin? | Blood (Hema) + protein (globin) |
| What is a crital value for WBCs? | 2800-3200. |
| How long can you warm an infants heel? | 3-5 minutes |
| Blood Gas Analysis must be? (special condition) | In an ice bath immediately. (Like lactic acid and ammonia) |
| A1C is drawn in what tube? (additive) | EDTA (Lavender) |
| Pulling a syringe plunger too forcefully can cause? | Hemolysis (breaking blood cells) |
| A leukocyte is a? | White Blood Cell |
| A CBC is collected in a? (additive) | EDTA (Lavender) |
| An icteric specimen indicates? (it's orange) | Liver Issues |
| Serum comes from blood that has? | Clotted (Fibrinogen activates, clots the blood so that serum rises) |
| Fragile vein collapses under vacuum, what should you use instead? | Syringe |
| Which vessel carries blood away from the heart? | Artery (away) |
| What is an aliquot? | Seperated portion of a specimen |
| Hemoglobin is inside every red blood cell, that's why the cells are red. So if a specimen is pink, what happened? | Hemolysis. (Blood cell broke, hemoglobin bleed out) |
| What component in blood activates clotting? | Platelets |
| Thrombocyte is another name for? | Platelet. |
| What tube do you use for chromosome Testing? | Green, heparin additive |
| What is a normal glucose level? | 70-110 mg/dl |
| What are normal levels for cholesterol? | 140-200 mg/dl |
| what are normal levels for Troponin | less than 0.2 ng/dl |
| What is a normal White Blood Cell count? | 4,400 - 11,000 |
| What is a normal Hemoglobin level? | 12-18 g/dl |
| What is a normal Hematocrit for a man? | 41.5 - 50.4% |
| What is a normal Hematocrit for a woman? | 35.9 - 44.6% |
| If you are getting a blood culture draw with a syringe, which bottle do you draw first? | Anaerobic. |
| If you are getting a blood culture draw with a butterfly, which bottle do you draw first? | Aerobic. |
| What does Fibrinogen do? | Clots blood (after blood leaves the body). |
| What do platelets do? | Clots blood at the site of a wound. |
| How many components make up the chain of infection? | 6 links. |
| Objects that harbor infection angent (pathogens) or transmit infections are called? | Fomite |
| What type of precautions are needed for MRSA? | Contact |
| This antibiotic requires a Peak and Trough draw: | Vancomyacin |
| What is a disinfectant? | Used to clean objects. |
| Fire extinguisher used for electrical fires: | Class C extinguisher |
| Which type of vessel contains valves? | Veins have valves to stop back flow |
| When cleansing for a blood culture we? | Rub with concentric circles moving outwards 2.5 inches |
| Condition of too much iron in the blood? | Hemo (blood) chroma (iron) tosis (increase). Hemochromatosis |
| A procedure that separates blood components and pumps them back to the patient? | Apheresis |
| How is serum obtained? | Clot first, then centrifuge. |
| Which component is found in BOTH serum and plasma? | Electrolytes |
| A series of blood assays has been ordered for a serum specimen. Which tubes will be drawn? | A Gel Barrier tube. Either Speckled/Gold or Orange, |
| What error occurs is a serum specimen is centrifuged before clotting is complete? | Fibrin strands in the specimen |
| When preforming a blood smear, what angle should we be holding the spreader slide? | 30 degrees |
| EDTA is what type of blood sample? | Whole Blood |
| What is a characteristic of a good blood smear? | It has a feathered appearance |
| How often should a patients blood type be checked while they are in the hospital? | Every 72 hours (3 days) |
| A blood spill occurs in the lab. What should be done AFTER the spill has been absorbed? | Disinfect with sodium hypochlorite (bleach) |
| If a tube is not inverted correctly after collections, it causes what? | Clotting. (we invert to mix the additives, which slow or stop clotting.) |
| What is hemolysis? | Hemo = blood, Lysis = breaking. So you are breaking the blood cells. |
| What is ABG? | Arterial Blood Gas testing |
| What is C&S? | Culture and Sensitive (find the bug, find the drug) |
| What size gauge do you use for blood donation collection? | 16 - 18 gauge (larger needles than normal) |
| Tests are ordered on a patient's serum, what tube additive should be used? | Thrombin (orange tubes, also known as the STAT serum tube) |
| What is Sodium Hypochlorite? | Bleach |
| What device can be used to help stabilize the arm for collection? | A phlebotomy wedge. |
| How long should you clean the area if you get hit with a chemical splash? | 15 minutes |
| Besides gloves, which PPE should we wear if a patient has cutaneous diphtheria? | Gown |
| Besides gloves, which PPE should we wear if a patient has pneumonia? | Mask |
| NFPA diamond color for Instability is? | Yellow |
| What special handling is used for vitamin B6 or B12? | Photosensitive. (Protect from light) |
| What is the order of draw for capillary tube fills? | EDTA, Additives, No Additives |
| If a patient is on Warfarin (blood thinner), what color tube should be used to monitor the patients blood? | Light Blue Tube, for anticoagulation |
Created by:
Charmisa
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