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Age of Absolutism
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolutism | a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers |
| Czar/Tsar | the ruler of Russia until the 1917 revolution |
| Shogun | Military governors who ruled Japan until the Meiji Restoration in 1867. |
| Divine Right | the right of a sovereign to rule as set forth by the theory of government that holds that a monarch receives the right to rule directly from God and not from the people |
| Mandate of Heaven | a Chinese political theory that a ruler was given divine right to govern, but only if the ruler was just and virtuous. |
| Westernization | conversion to or adoption of western traditions or techniques |
| Abolitionism | the legal belief that slavery should be abolished |
| Denis Diderot | French philosopher who wrote world's 1st encyclopedia |
| Immanuel Kant | German philosopher who believed all morals should be based on human reason |
| John Locke | English philosopher who believed all men had rights to life, liberty, and property. Thought people had a right to rebel against bad leaders |
| King Louis XIV | Known as the Sun King. He is the ultimate example of absolute monarch. He built the Palace at Versailles, took power from Nobles, and bankrupted France. |
| Tokugawa Shogunate | The last military government of Japan that ruled from 1603 to 1868. United Japan after centuries of civil war. |
| Ashanti Empire | A powerful empire in West Africa that controlled most of the Gold and Slave trade from 1701 until European takeover of Africa |
| Kingdom of Dahomey | A kingdom in West Africa that existed from 1600 til European takeover of Africa. They grew wealthy and powerful from the Atlantic Slave Trade. |
| Qing Dynasty | The final dynasty of imperial China that lasted from 1644 to 1912 |
| Baron de Montesquieu | French philosopher who believed a government's power should be split between 3 branches so that no one branch was too powerful |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher who said governments should follow the general will of the people (do what's best for the public) |
| Voltaire | French writer who believed freedom of speech and freedom of religion were natural rights |
| Natural Law | a legal belief that certain morals and laws can be discovered through human reason and observation of nature |
| Social Contract | a legal belief that governments' power comes from people who give up freedom in order to have stabily and protection from the government. |
| Censorship | A government policy to suppress or delete any speech that is objectionable |
| Thomas Paine | American philosopher who wrote "Common Sense" and believed that democracies prevented the abuses of monarchies |
| Natural Rights | a right give to humans through natural law |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | English philosopher who belived that men and women should be treated equally |
| Enlightened Despot | An abosoute monarch who reforms their government based on Enlightenment ideals |
| Ottoman Empire | a powerful Muslim empire that ruled most of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeastern Europe from 1299 until 1922. |
| Bourbons | A powerful Catholic Dynasty that controlled France from 1589 to 1792. |
| Mughal Empire | a powerful Muslim dynasty that ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 1526 to 1857 |
| Feminism | belief in and advocacy of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes expressed especially through organized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests |
| Cesare Beccaria | Italian philosopher who is known as the Father of Criminal Justice. He wanted torture banned and criminals given rights against abuse |
| Thomas Hobbes | English Philosopher who believed that peopl are naturally bad and social contract means people lose some rights forever |
Created by:
Dakota_Samuels
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