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Absolute/Enlighten
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Parliament? | Legislature (law making branch of government) of England, and later of Great Britain. Governing body of England that rules with the king |
| What religion did Olivier Cromwell follow? | Puritanism |
| Which English monarch refused to give up his power to the point of ordering his own executor when he was allowed to strike? | King Charles I |
| What was the Glorious Revolution? | Catholic king of England, James II, is overthrown by parliament and replaced by William and Mary, (only revolution where nobody was killed) |
| What did Louis XIV do to gain absolute power in France? | Absorbs/takes power of the lords for himself, makes Catholicism state religion, and he created a centralized government under him. |
| Why was Charles V important to both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire? | He combined the territories of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire by inheriting land from his parents. He was the king of Spain and Holy Roman Empire at the same time. |
| What caused the decline of Spanish power under Philip II? | Declined due to spending money on war + Spanish armata is defended by the Elizabeth/English navy. Philip insisted on going through storm to England, but most was destroyed making it easy to be defeated. The English navy is good=live on island |
| What was the Peace of Westphalia? | Treaty that ends the 30 years war signed in 1648 |
| What did Peter and Catherine the Great do to modernize Russia? | Westernized Russia by building a modern military, improving education, adopting European customs, and capturing warm-water ports for trade. |
| What did Frederick the Great accomplish during his reign? | Helped to expand/modernized Prussia, by expanding it into German, modernized army, and made Prussia more of a type tier European power |
| What was the primary reason absolute monarchs sought to expand their territories into other kingdoms? | Increase wealth and global power. Land is most important because you then control everything on it |
| Name the two political parties that fought in the English Civil War. | Roundheads (parliament) and cavaliers (defenders of king) |
| Describe the concept of absolute monarchy. Make sure you cover each aspect of society, including government and religion in your answer | A system where the king/queen holds absolute power over the government/parliament and lives of the people. (includes religion, laws, military) |
| How did Oliver Cromwell's use of power, specifically in the religious aspect, seem at least as oppressive as an absolute monarch? | He uses his power to control the lives of people and get rid of all their fun. He shut down plays, dances, pubs because you had to focus completely on God |
| Which monument that Louis XIV had built is still standing in Paris today and illustrates the magnitude of absolute monarchy? | Palace of Versailles (Versi) |
| Name one of the articles of English Bill of Rights and describe its importance. | Cruel and unusual punishment- can’t torture people and important because people don’t want to be harmed OR King cannot raise taxes w/o Parliament's approval. Important because it stopped the king from stealing money from citizens whenever he wanted. |
| This absolute monarch of Spain crushed all non-Catholic opposition to his kingdom | King Phillip II |
| Thomas Hobbes suggested in The Leviathan that mankind needed what to survive a cruel life? | Powerful, absolute monarch (king) to control us, which will give us a social contract to keep us in line |
| According to John Locke, what rights are inherent to mankind? | Everyone is born which natural rights to life, liberty, and property |
| Define censorship | Restriction on access to ideas and information. (Suppression of one’s ideas that directly go against monarch’s world view or wishes) |
| Voltaire wrote about which right of expression? | Freedom of religion, freedom of speech/thought |
| Who first wrote of the Social Contract as a means to creating popular sovereignty? | Jean Jacques Rousseau |
| Montesquieu is well known for placing importance on the separation of powers. Which three branches share power according to Montesquieu? | Executive (king), legislative (parliament), and judicial (courts) |
| What type of government did Hobbes support? | Monarchy |
| What is the Social Contract? | An unwritten law on how society functions |
| What did John Locke think of mankind? | Man is generally good |
| What 3 ideas were central to Lock’s philosophy on government? | Life, liberty, and property |
| Which monarch was executed in the English Civil War? | Charles I |
| What was Louis XIV’s nickname? | Sun King |
| Who was the leader of the Sons of Liberty? | Sam Adams |
| What was Oliver Cromwell’s title? | Lord Protector |
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