Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NEPT CPP (All)
Terminology, medications, and producers applicable to all qualifications.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypoxia | Low oxygen levels in the body tissues. |
| Hypoxaemia | Low oxygen levels in the blood. |
| Tachycardia | A resting heart rate of over 100 beats per minute. |
| Bradycardia | A resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute. |
| Hypotension | Abnormally low blood pressure. |
| Hypertension | Abnormally high blood pressure. |
| Tachypnoea | An abnormally rapid breathing rate. |
| Bradypnoea | An abnormally slow breathing rate. |
| Dyspnoea | Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. |
| Syncope | Fainting or a temporary loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood pressure. |
| Diaphoresis | Excessive or abnormal sweating. |
| Cyanosis | A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to a lack of oxygen. |
| Hypoglycaemia | An abnormally low blood glucose level. |
| Hyperglycaemia | An abnormally high blood glucose level. |
| Ischaemia | An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, often the heart. |
| Bronchospasm | A sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles, causing difficulty breathing. |
| Apnoea | The temporary cessation of breathing. |
| Aphasia | Difficulty speaking or understanding language. |
| Arrhythmia | An irregular heartbeat. |
| Asystole | The absence of any electrical or mechanical activity in the heart (flatline). |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | A stroke; brain tissue damage due to loss of blood supply. |
| Diastolic | The pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats (the bottom number in blood pressure). |
| Systolic | The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (the top number in blood pressure). |
| Haemorrhage | Severe or heavy bleeding. |
| Oedema | Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. |
| Pallor | An unhealthy pale appearance of the skin. |
| Sepsis | A life-threatening bodily response to an infection. |
| Stridor | A harsh, high-pitched breathing sound caused by a partial upper airway obstruction. |
| Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) | A 'mini-stroke' where neurological symptoms resolve quickly, usually within 24 hours. |
| Urticaria | Hives or a raised, itchy rash often associated with allergic reactions. |
| Wheeze | A high-pitched whistling sound made while breathing, typically due to narrowed lower airways. |
| *Capnography (ETCO2) | The continuous non-invasive measurement and graphical display of end-tidal carbon dioxide, used to confirm advanced airway placement and monitor ventilation. |
| *Endotracheal Intubation | The placement of a flexible tube into the trachea to maintain an open airway and facilitate mechanical ventilation. |
| *Intraosseous (IO) Access | The process of injecting directly into the marrow of a bone to provide a rapid, non-collapsible entry point for medications and fluids. |
| *Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) | A non-invasive ventilation treatment that applies mild, continuous air pressure to keep the airways open, often used for severe pulmonary oedema. |
| Asthma (Mild to Moderate) | Sit the patient upright. Administer Salbutamol via spacer or nebuliser (add Ipratropium Bromide if required). Provide oxygen to maintain SpO2 above 92%. Monitor vital signs and respiratory effort. |
| *Asthma (Severe/Life-Threatening) | Administer IM Adrenaline. Provide CPAP if appropriate. Administer IV Magnesium Sulfate and IV/IM Corticosteroids (e.g., Dexamethasone). Obtain IV access for fluid resuscitation. |
| Anaphylaxis | Lay the patient flat immediately (do not allow them to stand or walk). Administer Adrenaline IM. Administer high-flow oxygen. Request an emergency ambulance and monitor vital signs closely. |
| Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome (Chest Pain) | Rest and reassure the patient. Administer Aspirin. Administer GTN sublingually if the blood pressure is adequate. Administer oxygen only if SpO2 is below 94%. Request an emergency ambulance. |
| Hypoglycaemia (Conscious) | Check Blood Glucose Level (BGL). If BGL is under 4 mmol/L and the patient can safely swallow, administer oral glucose gel or a sweet drink. Follow up with complex carbohydrates and recheck BGL. |
| Hypoglycaemia (Altered Conscious State) | Check BGL. Place the patient in the lateral (recovery) position. Administer Glucagon IM. Do not give oral fluids or food. Request an emergency ambulance and monitor BGL. |
| Active Seizure | Ensure scene safety and protect the patient's head from injury. Do not physically restrain. Administer high-flow oxygen. Once the seizure stops, place in the lateral position, manage the airway, and request escalate if the seizure lasts over 5 minutes. |
| Hypovolaemic Shock | Lay the patient flat. Administer high-flow oxygen. Keep the patient warm to prevent heat loss. Request an emergency ambulance for urgent transport. |
| Cardiac Arrest | Commence continuous high-quality CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths). Attach an AED and follow all voice prompts. Manage the airway using an OPA or i-gel. Request an emergency ambulance immediately. |
| *Cardiac Arrest (Advanced) | Perform advanced airway management (LMA or Intubation). Obtain IV/IO access. Administer IV Adrenaline every 3-5 mins. Administer IV Amiodarone for refractory VF/pVT. Identify and treat the 4Hs and 4Ts. |
| Stroke or TIA | Perform the FAST (Face, Arms, Speech, Time) assessment. Position the patient with their head elevated slightly if tolerated. Administer oxygen only if SpO2 is below 94%. Request an emergency ambulance for urgent transport. |
| Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (Choking) | Encourage the patient to cough. If ineffective and the patient is conscious, administer up to 5 back blows followed by up to 5 chest thrusts, alternating. If the patient becomes unconscious, commence CPR. |
| External Haemorrhage (Severe Bleeding) | Apply firm, direct pressure to the wound. If life-threatening bleeding on a limb cannot be controlled with direct pressure, apply an arterial tourniquet. Keep the patient warm to prevent shock. |
| Suspected Spinal Injury | Advise the patient to remain still. Manually stabilise the head and neck in a neutral alignment. Apply a cervical collar if trained and indicated. Request an emergency ambulance. |
| Burns (Thermal) | Cool the burn immediately with cool running water for a minimum of 20 minutes. Remove jewellery and non-adherent clothing. Cover the burn loosely with a sterile, non-stick dressing or clear cling film. Prevent hypothermia. |
| Snake or Funnel-Web Spider Bite | Keep the patient completely still and calm. Apply the Pressure Immobilisation Technique (PIT) using a broad bandage, starting over the bite and wrapping the entire limb. Do not wash the bite site. Request an emergency ambulance. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation | Sit the patient upright. Administer oxygen, but titrate specifically to maintain SpO2 between 88-92% to avoid suppressing their respiratory drive. Administer Salbutamol via spacer if indicated. |
| Seizures (Post-Ictal Phase) | Once the active seizure stops, immediately place the patient in the lateral (recovery) position to protect their airway. Gently suction fluids if trained/equipped. Reassure the patient as they regain consciousness. |
| *Tension Pneumothorax Management | Perform needle chest decompression (thoracostomy) in the 2nd intercostal space mid-clavicular line or 5th intercostal space mid-axillary line to release trapped air. |
| *Severe Pain Management | Obtain IV access. Administer IV/IN Fentanyl, IV Morphine, or IV/IM Ketamine titrated to the patient's response and pain score. |
| *STEMI Management (Pre-Hospital Thrombolysis) | Transmit 12-lead ECG for confirmation. Complete thrombolysis checklist. Administer IV Tenecteplase (weight-based) and IV Heparin alongside Aspirin and GTN if criteria are met. |
| Oxygen (Dose) | Titrated to 94-99% SpO2 (or 88-92% for COPD patients) |
| Adrenaline 1:1000 (Dose) | 0.5 mg IM |
| Aspirin (Dose) | 300 mg orally (chewed or dissolved) |
| Glyceryl Trinitrate / GTN (Dose) | 300 mcg or 600 mcg tablet, or 0.4 mg spray sublingually |
| Salbutamol (Dose) | 5 mg nebulised, or 4-12 puffs via a spacer |
| Ipratropium Bromide / Atrovent (Dose) | 500 mcg nebulised |
| Glucagon (Dose) | 1 mg IM |
| Glucose Gel / Oral Carbohydrates (Dose) | 15 g orally |
| Methoxyflurane / Penthrox (Dose) | 3 mL inhaled (maximum dose 6 mL) |
| Paracetamol (Dose) | 1000 mg (1 g) orally |
| Ondansetron (Dose) | 4 mg orally disintegrating wafer |
| Naloxone (Dose) | 1.6 mg to 2 mg intranasal, or 0.4 mg IM |
| Loratadine (Dose) | 10 mg orally |
| Normal Saline 0.9% (Dose) | Volume as required (for irrigation) |
| *Fentanyl (Dose) | IN: 1-2 mcg/kg, IV: Up to 50 mcg increments titrated to effect. |
| *Morphine (Dose) | IV: Up to 5 mg increments titrated to effect. |
| *Ketamine (Dose) | Analgesia IV: 10-25 mg increments, IM: 0.5-1 mg/kg. |
| *Midazolam (Dose) | Seizures IM: 5 mg (repeated once if required). |
| *Amiodarone (Dose) | Cardiac Arrest IV/IO: 300 mg (after 3rd shock). |
| *Tranexamic Acid / TXA (Dose) | 1 g IV/IO over 10 minutes. |
| *Tenecteplase (Dose) | Weight-based IV bolus (typically 30-50 mg). |
| *Heparin (Dose) | IV bolus (typically 4000-5000 units). |
| *Ceftriaxone (Dose) | 1 g IV or IM (diluted appropriately). |
| Oxygen (Contraindicators) | Paraquat poisoning or history of bleomycin therapy (unless severe hypoxia is present). |
| Adrenaline 1:1000 (Contraindicators) | None in a life-threatening emergency. |
| Aspirin (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, active bleeding or peptic ulcers, bleeding disorders (e.g., haemophilia), suspected aortic aneurysm, and patients under 18 years of age. |
| Glyceryl Trinitrate / GTN (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, systolic BP < 110 mmHg, heart rate < 50 or > 150 bpm, and recent use of erectile dysfunction medications (e.g., Viagra/Levitra within 24 hours, Cialis within 4 days). |
| Salbutamol (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. |
| Ipratropium Bromide / Atrovent (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide or atropine derivatives. |
| Glucagon (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity and phaeochromocytoma. |
| Glucose Gel / Oral Carbohydrates (Contraindicators) | Unconscious or an altered conscious state with an absent gag reflex (unable to swallow safely due to aspiration risk). |
| Methoxyflurane / Penthrox (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia, renal impairment, concurrent use of tetracycline antibiotics, and altered conscious state/head injury. |
| Paracetamol (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, administration of paracetamol within the previous 4 hours, or exceeding the maximum daily dose (4g in 24 hours). |
| Ondansetron (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, concurrent use of apomorphine, and known Long QT syndrome. |
| Naloxone (Contraindicators) | None in a life-threatening opioid overdose. |
| Loratadine (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity and severe liver impairment. |
| Normal Saline 0.9% (Contraindicators) | None for topical irrigation or wound cleaning. |
| *Fentanyl (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, late second stage of labour. |
| *Morphine (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, renal impairment / failure. |
| *Ketamine (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, severe hypertension, non-traumatic chest pain. |
| *Midazolam (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity. |
| *Amiodarone (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity to amiodarone or iodine, severe sinus node dysfunction. |
| *Tranexamic Acid / TXA (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity, injury > 3 hours old, isolated head injury. |
| *Tenecteplase (Contraindicators) | Active bleeding, recent major surgery, prior haemorrhagic stroke, suspected aortic dissection. |
| *Heparin (Contraindicators) | Active bleeding, recent trauma/surgery, severe hypertension. |
| *Ceftriaxone (Contraindicators) | Allergy/hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics. |
| STEMI (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) | A complete blockage of a major coronary artery causing significant heart muscle damage. Diagnosed by identifying ST-segment elevation on a 12-lead ECG. |
| NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) | A partial blockage of a coronary artery causing heart muscle damage. Diagnosed by ST-segment depression or T-wave inversion on an ECG, and confirmed by elevated troponin levels in hospital blood tests. |
| Unstable Angina | Restricted blood flow to the heart causing severe, unpredictable chest pain at rest, but without permanent muscle damage. Diagnosed by clinical symptoms alongside a normal ECG and normal troponin levels. |
| The 4 Hs (Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest) | Hypoxia, Hypovolaemia, Hypo/Hyperthermia, and Hypo/Hyperkalaemia (metabolic disorders). |
| The 4 Ts (Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest) | Tension pneumothorax, Tamponade (cardiac), Toxins, and Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary). |
| Hypoxia (4 Hs) | A severe lack of oxygen reaching the tissues. Diagnosed by low pulse oximetry (SpO2) readings and clinical signs like cyanosis. |
| Hypovolaemia (4 Hs) | A critical loss of blood or fluid volume. Diagnosed by identifying signs of shock: hypotension, tachycardia, and visible haemorrhage or severe dehydration. |
| Hypo/Hyperthermia (4 Hs) | An extreme low or high core body temperature. Diagnosed using a thermometer and assessing the patient's environmental exposure. |
| Hypo/Hyperkalaemia (4 Hs) | Abnormally low or high potassium levels in the blood. Diagnosed by specific abnormal rhythms on an ECG and confirmed via hospital blood tests. |
| Tension Pneumothorax (4 Ts) | Trapped air in the pleural space that compresses the heart and lungs. Diagnosed by unequal chest rise, absent breath sounds on one side, and severe respiratory distress. |
| Tamponade - Cardiac (4 Ts) | Fluid or blood filling the sac around the heart, restricting its ability to pump. Diagnosed by muffled heart sounds, low blood pressure, and distended neck veins (Beck's Triad). |
| Toxins (4 Ts) | Poisoning or accidental drug overdose. Diagnosed by patient history, scene clues (e.g., pill bottles), and specific physical signs (e.g., pinpoint pupils for opioids). |
| Thrombosis (4 Ts) | A massive blood clot in the heart (causing a STEMI) or the lungs (Pulmonary Embolism). Diagnosed by a 12-lead ECG (for the heart) and hospital imaging. |
Created by:
user-2045911
Popular Medical sets