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WEEK 1:

Introduction to the abdominal cavity:

QuestionAnswer
what planes make up the four quadrants median plane and transumbilical plane
what makes up the transumbilical plane IV disk between L3 & L4
name the four quadrants RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
what planes make up the nine regions transtubercular plane, subcostal plane and midclavicular planes
where are the midclavicular planes halfway along clavicle and midinguinal point
where makes up the subcostal plane inferior border of 10th costal cartilage and L3 (body)
what makes up the transtubercular plane iliac tubercles and L5 (body)
name the nine regions right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac/ inguinal, hypogastric, left iliac. inguinal
abdominal boundaries superior, inferior, anterolateral, and posterior
superior abdominal boundary diaphragm
inferior abdominal boundary pelvic inlet (continuous with pelvis)
anterolateral abdominal boundary musculo-aponeurotic abdominal wall
posterior abdominal boundary lumbar vertebrae
abdominal viscera include liver, pancreas, gall bladder, left kidney, small intestines, appendix, ascending colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon
what nodes are superior to umbilicus axillary lymph nodes
what nodes are inferior to umbilicus superficial inguinal lymph nodes
melanomas in men are most often where on thorax, abdomen or back
melanomas in women are most often where on lower legs
superficial lymphatic vessels drain with subcutaneous veins
deep lymph vessels drain with deep veins into external iliac, common iliac and lumbar lymph nodes
T7-T9 dermatomes supply skin superior to umbilicus
T10 dermatome supply umbilicus
T11-T12 dermatomes supply skin below umbilicus
iliohypogastric and iliolingual nerves both come from (L1 spinal nerve) which help supply skin below umbilicus (T11-T12)
L1 dermatome supply suprapubic region
clinical significance of dermatomes helps with understanding of dermatomal innervation during sensory testing to identify nerve/ spinal cord functioning
peritoneum smooth transparent serous membrane
types of peritoneum parietal and visceral
peritoneal cavity space (different in males and females) filled with peritoneal fluid
peritonitis inflammation of peritoneum or ascites (abnormal build up of fluid in abdomen)
peritoneal formations/ folds which help with attachment include mesentery, peritoneal ligament (eg falciform ligament), and omentum (greater and lesser omentum)
types of peritoneal organs can be intraperitoneal (inside peritoneal cavity eg stomach) or retroperitoneal (behind/outside peritoneum eg kidneys)
supracolic area superior to transverse colon
infracolic area inferior to transverse colon
paracolic area (gutter) lateral to ascending & descending colons
abdominal wall consists of skin, subcutaneous tissue (camper's fascia and scarpa's fascia), muscles (rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique, and transverse abdominis), endoabdominal fascia, and extraperitoneal fat
contents of the rectus sheath Rectus abdominis & pyramidalis, Anastomosing superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins, Lymphatic vessels, Distal portions of the anterior rami of spinal nerves T7-T12, and Arcuate line
where is the arcuate line 1/3 of the distance from pubic crest to umbilicus
distal portions of the anterior rami of spinal nerves T7-T12 function supply muscles overlying skin
linea alba 'white line' is the fused aponeuroses of three flat muscles in the midline and extends from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
what lies on the other side of the linea alba rectus abdominis muscles
rectus abdominis strap muscle attached to pubic symphysis, pubic crest, xiphoid process and adjacent costal cartilages
function of rectus abdominis compresses abdominal contents and flexes the vertebral column
Created by: 22tango
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