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PBT Final Quizlet
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sputum test | - used for diagnosing disorders of respiratory tract and for culture for pathogens - how to: 1. rinse mouth with water, 2. ask patient to expectorate and spit into sterile container, 3. label specimen for lab |
| Urine test | - different types - used to test for screening glucose, drugs, alcohol, or wellbeing; measuring substances from last 24 hours; assessment of urinary system; screen for metabolic diseases |
| PASS | - P: pull (pin) - A: aim (at base of fire) - S: squeeze (handle) - S: sweep (extinguish) |
| HA/Nosocomial infections | - occur while patients are hospitalized or receiving treatment - 1 in 25 patients get it - different types: airborne, droplet, contact - Standard ppe and isolation ppe |
| Sterile technique | - blood culture: 1. cleanse with alcohol pad, 2. may repeat with iodine, etc, - used because bacteria could contaminate |
| Fomite | - contaminated item - indirect contact for infection transmission |
| Chain of infection | 1. infectious agent 2. reservoir 3. portal of exit 4. mode of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. susceptible host - breaking chain at any stage will prevent infection |
| Blood Collection Bottles (blood culture?) | - blue: aerobic - dark red: anaerobic - yellow: pediatric - red: mycobacterium |
| Venous access devices | - cannulas - saline or heparin lock - central venous access line - PICC lines - used to administer substances directly into bloodstream -requires special training |
| PKU testing | a test done 24-72 hours after birth that measures phenylalanine (a protein building block) in a baby's blood |
| global harmonization system | signs that are the same all over the world so if you don't speak a language you understand the sign |
| (M)SDS saftey data sheets | - OSHA mandate - info includes: identification, hazard identification, info of ingredients, first aid measures, handling and storage, etc - ensures safe use of hazardous chemicals |
| NFPA labels | - red: fire hazard - yellow: reactivity hazard - blue: health hazard - white: special hazard - levels 0-4; 0 is not hazardous at all, 4 is extremley hazardous |
| capillary puncture needles | - called lancets - depth of 2-3mm for adults - depth of less than 2mm for children and infants |
| Communication loop | - sender gives a message to receiver - receiver gives feedback to sender |
| light blue tube | - contains sodium citrate - tests for coagulation, PT, PTT, D-Dimer - 2nd - inverted 3-4 times - important to fill completely for correct blood to additive ratio |
| yellow tube | - contains SPS (sodium polyanethol silforate) or ACD (scid citrate dextrose) - SPS tests for blood culture - ACD tests for bacterial infections, cancer antigens |
| red tube | - contains clot activator/nonadditive/discard - discard tubes have no additives - tests for chemistry; drug level testing without additives - inverted 5-6 times - 3rd in venipunctures - 4th in capillary |
| gold tube | - SST (serum separator tube) - contains clot activator - tests for chemistry; proteins, enzymes, lipids - inverted 5-6 times - 4th in venipuncture and capillary |
| light green tube | - PST (plasma separator tube) - contains heparin - tests for ammonia, cardiac enzymes - inverted 8-10 times - 5th in venipuncture - 2nd in capillary |
| dark green tube | - contains heparin - tests for chemistry tests; ammonia, cardiac enzymes - inverted 8-10 times - 5th in venipuncture - 2nd in capillary |
| purple tube | - contains EDTA - tests for CBC, Hemoglobin+Hematocrit -inverted 8-10 times - 6th in venipuncture (evacuated) - 1st in capillary (microcollection_ |
| pink tube | - contains EDTA - used for bloodbank instead of hemotology because the label is different - tests for Type+Match, Type+Screen, RhoGAM - inverted 8-10 times - 7th in venipuncture (evacuated) - 1st in capillary (microcollection) |
| grey tube | - contains sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate - sodium fluoride is antiglycolytic - potassium oxalate is anticoagulant - tests for glucose, lactic acid, BAC - inverted 8-10 times - 8th/last in venipuncture - 3rd in capillary |
| tan tube | - lead free collection tube - contains EDTA - tests for lead levels |
| royal blue tube | - trace element free blood collection tube - contains heparin OR EDTA - tests for toxicology; lead, mercury, heavy metals |
| orange tube | - blood collection tube containing thrombin w/ splashguard cap - thrombin in an evacuated tube accelerates clot formation - tests for STAT orders |
| tourniquet | - applied 3-4 inches above puncture site - used to locate veins more easily - NEVER applied for more than 1 minute - use to find site, take off and reapply when ready to puncture |
| needle size and guages | - gauge is the bore size/diameter or lumen of the needle - higher gauge number = smaller needle and lower flow rate - smaller gauge number = larger needle and higher flow rate - 21 gauge for standard adults, 22 for fragile veins, 23 for pediatric |
| edema | - occurs when tiny blood vessels in the body, also known as capillaries, leak fluid and cause swelling |
| professional standards | - professionalism - communication - customer service - certified - code of ethics |
| caudal | inferior |
| fibrinolysis | - last stage of homostasis (stage 4) - fibroblasts attracted to clot dissolve it |
| hemostasis | - stops flow of blood from injury - involves 4 major stages; 1. blood vessel spasm (vasoconstriction), 2. platelet plug formation, 3. coagulation, 4. fibrinolysis |
| organ systems | - integumentary system (skin) - skeletal system - muscular system - lymphatic and immune system - respiratory system - digestive system - nervous system - endocrine system - cardiovascular system - urinary system - reproductive system |
| anatomical position | - standing upright - facing forward - arms at side of body - palms and feet facing forward |
| supine | - lying face up on back - best position for phlebotomy for patients who are bed ridden |
| prone | lying face down on stomach |
| lateral recumbent position | - lying on left or right side - recovery position |
| types of formed elements | - erythrocytes (rbcs) - leukocytes (wbcs) - platelets (thrombocytes) - plasma and serum |
| arteries | - oxygenated - pumped from heart to body - elastic, muscular, thick walled |
| veins | - deoxygenated - pumped to heart - contain one way valves |
| capillaries | - link arterioles to venules (arterioles link capillaries and arteries, venules link capillaries and veins) - smallest blood vessels - site of all gas exchange |
| timed testing | drawing blood at a very specific time to measure fluctuating levels of substances. |
| hemoconcentration | - Rapid increase in ratio of blood components to plasma - Water leaves the vein and enters the tissues; Water that remains in the vein contains a falsely higher level of cells and chemicals - Can cause erroneous results in some laboratory tests |
| veins for phlebotomy | 1. median cubital vein 2. cephalic vein (lateral) 3. basilic vein (medial) - dorsal venous arch in hand |
| thrombocytes | - aka platelets - help prevent blood loss - smallest element formed - life span of 9-12 days - contain fragments of megakaryocytes |
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