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Rad 100 Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the concept of Central Ray Angulation (e.g., “What does angling the CR 25 degrees cephalic mean? | Angling/Turning the CR 25 degree towards the head |
| Caudal | Closer to the feet; towards the tail bone |
| Proximal | Closer to the body/point of attachment |
| Distal | Farther from point of attachment /truck of body |
| Superior | Above |
| Inferior | Below |
| Anterior/Ventral | Front |
| Posterior/Dorsal | Back |
| Medial | Toward midline |
| Lateral | Away from midline |
| Superficial | Towards surface |
| Deep | Away from surface |
| Flexion | Decrease joint angle |
| Extension | Increase joint angle |
| Abduction | Movement away from midline |
| Adduction | Movement towards midline |
| Rotation | Turning around axis |
| Pronation/Prone | Palms down; lying on belly |
| Supination | Palms up; lying on back |
| Dorsiflexion | Toes upward |
| Plantar flexion | Toes downward |
| Midsagittal Plane | Seperates body into left & right |
| Transverse Plane | Seperates superior (up) & inferior (down) |
| Frontal/Coronal | Seperates from anterior (front) & posterior (back) |
| What's the Anatomical Position? | -Standing upright -Facing forward -Arms at side -Palms supinated -Feet together/slightly apart |
| Trendelenburg | -Supine position -Head is lower that feet |
| Reverse Trendelenburg | -Supine position -Feet is lower that head |
| Recumbent | Lying down in any position |
| Axial Skeleton | Includes skull, vertebral column and rib cage ( main job is to support and protect the brain, spinal cord, and organs of the chest.) EXAMPLE: Sternum |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Includes the limbs and girdles (bones that attach them to the axial skeleton) EXAMPLE: Humerus |
| AP Projections | Faces the x-ray tube with the back against the IR |
| PA Projections | Faces the receptor with the front against the IR |
| Components of X-Ray System | -Xray tube (produces x-rays) -Generator (supplies electrical energy -Operating console (Selects exposure factors) -IR (Captures image) Tube support system (positions tube) -Collimation system (restricts size & shape of beam) |
| kVp | Quality of x-ray image (Controls penetration & contrast) |
| mAs | Quantity of x-ray image (Controls number of photons & density/ receptor exposure) |
| Time | Length of exposure in seconds (affects motion and exposure duration) -Highest mA & shortest time (least amount dose and high quality image) |
| Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) | Terminates exposure when sufficient radiation reaches the receptor |
| Digital Radiography (DR) | Uses flat-panel detectors for immediate image processing |
| Computed Radiography (CR) | Uses photostimulable phosphor plates for image processing |
| Film screen | Older technology requiring chemical processing for image processing |
| Principle of Diagnostic Yield | The amount of clinically used information on the diagnostic image (demonstrate proper density, contrast, sharpness & visability while minimizing unnecessary radiation expose) |
| Principle of Diagnostic Efficiency | The accuracy of the diagnostic information on the medical image (Follows ALARA by obtaining the best image while using least amount of radiation, time and resources) |
| How many separate bones are in the human body? | 206 |
| Grids | Required for anatomy measuring greater than 10cm |
| Portrait | Long axis of the body parallel to receptor (up and down) |
| Landscape | Cross Widths (Left and right) |
| Fixed table | Stationary table for positioning |
| Floating table | Tabletop moves in multiple directions for positioning |
| Elevating table | Adjusts height for patient accessibility |
| Trauma table | designed for injured immobile patients |
| Right Anterior Oblique Position (RAO) | -Patient's right side touching IR -Anterior facing IR -Body is obliqued |
| Left Anterior Oblique Position (LAO) | -Patient's left side touching IR -Anterior facing IR -Body is obliqued |
| Left Posterior Oblique Position (LPO) | -Patient's left side touching IR -Posterior surface facing IR -Midline body is obliqued |
| Right Posterior Oblique Position (RPO) | -Patient's right side touching IR -Posterior surface facing IR -Midline body is obliqued |
| Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate (8 carpal bones) |
| How many bones does each hand and wrist have? | 27 - 14 Phalanges (most distal) -5 Metacarpals -8 carpals (most proximal) |
| Decubitus | CR is horizontal and shooting into patient & not down |
Created by:
Sydney Sims
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