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MA CH21 H1E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| gland | an organ that produces and secretes chemicals called hormones. |
| hormone | a chemical substance created by the body that controls a body function. |
| pituitary gland | a gland that secretes key hormones that stimulate the rest of the body’s endocrine glands to produce hormones. |
| endocrinologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system. |
| dwarfism | a condition that causes a failure to grow at a normal rate; often caused by undersecretion of growth hormone. |
| gigantism | a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in children, resulting in excessive stature and body size. |
| acromegaly | a condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in adults, resulting in accelerated growth in the face and extremities. |
| diabetes insipidus | a condition that occurs when the pituitary gland does not secrete enough antidiuretic hormone to maintain homeostasis. |
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) | a condition that occurs when too much ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland. |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up, resulting in rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness. |
| Graves’ disease | an autoimmune disorder that often causes hyperthyroidism; rapid heart rate, palpitations, dizziness, tremors, weight loss, and bulging eyes are common signs and symptoms. |
| hypothyroidism | a condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing the body processes to slow down and resulting in fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and intolerance to cold. |
| Hashimoto’s thyroiditis | an autoimmune disorder that often causes hypothyroidism; more common in women, especially in middle age. |
| congenital hypothyroidism | a form of hypothyroidism that affects infants and children, most commonly due to iodine deficiency during pregnancy; can stunt growth and development and cause intellectual deficits. |
| hyperparathyroidism | a condition in which too much parathyroid hormone is secreted, resulting in the removal of calcium from the bones and too much calcium in the blood. |
| hypoparathyroidism | a condition caused by levels of parathyroid hormone that are too low; results in low calcium levels in the blood. |
| diabetes | a condition in which the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or does not properly use insulin; also called diabetes mellitus. |
| type 1 diabetes | a type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no insulin or too little insulin; is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and will continue throughout a person’s life. |
| type 2 diabetes | a common form of diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin; typically develops after age 35 and is the milder form of diabetes. |
| prediabetes | a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. |
| gestational diabetes | a type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy. |
| peripheral neuropathy | nerve damage that causes tingling or numbness in the hands or feet. |
| Addison’s disease | a condition in which the adrenal cortex does not secrete enough corticosteroid hormones, resulting in fatigue, lack of energy, low blood pressure, loss of appetite, and weight loss; also known as adrenal insufficiency. |
| Cushing disease | a condition in which the adrenal cortex secretes too many hormones; can cause weight gain, especially in the stomach and upper back, a rounded face (often called moon face), high blood pressure, weakness, and fatigue. |
Created by:
cvis
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