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MA CH20 H1E

TermDefinition
digestion the process of preparing food physically and chemically so that it can be absorbed into the cells.
absorption the transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells.
elimination the process of expelling wastes (made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absorbed into the cells.
dental caries tooth decay; also called cavities.
gingivae connective tissue covered by mucous membranes that protect the roots of the teeth; also called gums.
palate the roof of the mouth; separates the mouth from the nasal cavity.
uvula structure in the throat that contracts during swallowing to cover the nasal cavity and direct food downward.
peristalsis involuntary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal system.
glucose natural sugar.
insulin a hormone that works to move glucose from the blood and into the cells for energy for the body.
appendicitis inflammation of the appendix caused by a bacterial infection.
gastroenterologist a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the digestive system.
hepatologist a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the liver and accessory digestive organs.
colorectal surgeon a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus and specializes in surgery.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) a chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus.
peptic ulcer raw sore in the stomach that causes pain, belching, and vomiting; also called a gastric ulcer.
gastritis inflammation or irritation of the lining of the stomach.
emesis the act of vomiting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose.
diarrhea the frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces.
gastroenteritis inflammation or irritation of the intestines.
obesity a condition that results from having excessive body fat.
hiatal hernia a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward through the hiatus (opening) of the diaphragm.
inguinal hernia a condition in which a portion of the small intestine protrudes through a weakened area in the wall of the groin.
constipation the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent, difficult, and often painful elimination of hard, dry stool.
enema a specific amount of water, with or without an additive, that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool.
suppository a medication form in which a drug is mixed with a waxy substance and pressed into a small round or cone shape; may be inserted into the rectum or vagina.
fecal impaction hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled.
hemorrhoid an enlarged vein in the rectum or outside the anus that can cause rectal itching, burning, pain, and bleeding.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) a condition that causes diarrhea, constipation, or both on a regular basis.
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) a condition in which the bowel is chronically inflamed.
ulcerative colitis a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine that causes cramping, diarrhea, pain, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, and weight loss.
Crohn’s disease an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, but most commonly affects the small intestine.
stoma an artificial opening in the body.
diverticular disease the development and/or inflammation of small pouches called diverticula in the colon.
palliative care care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of a person who is very sick and/or dying, rather than on curing the person.
cirrhosis disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue.
cholecystitis inflammation of the gallbladder.
cholelithiasis a condition in which small stones (gallstones) develop in the gallbladder.
pancreatitis a gland that secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon.
vegetarian a person who does not eat meat, fish, or poultry and may or may not eat eggs and dairy products.
vegan a person who does not eat any animals or animal products, including milk, cheese, other dairy items, or eggs; vegans may also choose to not use or wear any animal products.
Created by: cvis
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