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MA CH19 H1E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nephron | the functional unit of the kidney that filters the blood. |
| glomerulus | a mass of capillaries within a nephron (in the kidneys) where blood filtration occurs (plural |
| glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | the rate at which the kidneys filter blood. |
| nephrologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats kidney disorders. |
| urologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the bladder and urethra and of the male reproductive system. |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | a bacterial infection of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or kidney that results in painful burning during urination and the frequent feeling of needing to urinate. |
| catheter | a thin tube inserted into the body to drain or inject fluids. |
| sepsis | a life-threatening condition caused by the body’s response to an infection. |
| interstitial cystitis (IC) | a condition that causes chronic bladder inflammation, resulting in pain and difficulty with urination. |
| urinary incontinence | the inability to control the bladder, which leads to an involuntary loss of urine. |
| urinary retention | a condition in which the bladder is not fully emptied during urination. |
| urinary obstruction | a partial or complete blockage of urine. |
| neurogenic bladder | a condition in which nerve impulses do not stimulate the bladder to contract and release. |
| nephrolithiasis | the condition of having kidney stones (stones that form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys). |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | a condition in which the kidneys are covered with many fluid-filled cysts. |
| pyelonephritis | a type of urinary tract infection that causes inflammation of the kidney. |
| glomerulonephritis | a condition in which the glomeruli, the masses of capillaries within the nephrons of the kidneys that filter blood, become inf lamed; also called nephritis or nephrotic syndrome. |
| renovascular hypertension | a condition in which a blockage of arteries in the kidneys causes high blood pressure. |
| acute renal failure (ARF) | the sudden onset of kidney failure as a result of injury from disease, trauma, or toxins; also called acute kidney failure. |
| chronic renal failure (CRF) | a condition that occurs when the kidneys cannot eliminate certain waste products from the body; also called chronic kidney failure or chronic kidney disease. |
| dialysis | an artificial means of removing the body’s waste products when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly. |
| arteriovenous fistula | a connection between a vein and an artery. |
| renal cell cancer | the most common type of kidney cancer. |
| culture and sensitivity test | test performed on urine to identify microorganisms present and to aid in antibiotic selection. |
| routine urine specimen | a urine specimen that can be collected any time a person voids. |
| first void urine specimen | urine specimen collected when a patient first urinates in the morning. |
| clean-catch urine specimen | a urine specimen that does not include the first and last urine voided; also called midstream specimen. |
| 24-hour urine specimen | urine specimen consisting of all urine voided in a 24-hour period. |
| reagent strip | a strip used to test urine for the presence or levels of various analytes; also called dipstick or dip strip. |
| occult hidden | difficult to see or observe. |
| analyte | a substance measured or studied in a diagnostic test. |
Created by:
cvis
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