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MA CH17 H1E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pericardial membrane | the sac covering the heart; also called the pericardium. |
| epicardium | the outermost layer of the heart; contains the blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart (coronary arteries). |
| coronary arteries | the arteries that provide oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the heart. |
| myocardium | the middle and thickest layer of the heart; made up of cells capable of continuous rhythmic contraction. |
| endocardium | the thin, innermost layer of the heart; forms a smooth, elastic surface that allows blood to flow without stopping or clotting. |
| septum | in cardiology, the wall dividing the right and left sides of the heart. |
| atria | the two upper chambers of the heart (singular |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart. |
| tricuspid valve | the heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; also called the right atrioventricular valve. |
| pulmonary valve | the heart valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called the pulmonary semilunar valve. |
| bicuspid valve | the heart valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; also called the mitral valve. |
| aortic valve | the heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta; also called the aortic semilunar valve. |
| cardiac conduction system | the pathway of electrical impulses |
| electrocardiogram (EKG) | a recording in visible form of the electrical activity of the heart; also called an ECG. |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. |
| capillary bed | the puncture of a patient’s skin for the purpose of collecting a blood specimen from the capillaries beneath the puncture site; also called dermal puncture. |
| inferior vena cava | large vein that carries blood to the heart from the legs and trunk. |
| superior vena cava | one of the largest veins in the body; returns oxygen-depleted blood from the upper body to the heart. |
| pulmonary circuit | the circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs. |
| coronary circuit | the circulation of blood between the chambers of the heart and the heart tissue itself; part of systemic circulation. |
| systemic circuit | the circulation of blood between the heart and the rest of the body (except the lungs). |
| alveoli | the air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. |
| plasma | the liquid portion of blood. |
| formed elements | the solid portion of blood. |
| erythrocytes | a red blood cell; contains the protein (hemoglobin) that carries oxygen in the blood. |
| leukocyte | white blood cell; capable of producing antibodies and destroying pathogens. |
| thrombocyte | part of the formed elements of blood; plays a role in blood clotting; also called platelet. |
| lymphocyte | a type of white blood cell that plays a role in boosting the body’s immune system. |
| antibody | a protein made by the body to protect against foreign substances. |
| antigen | a substance that can prompt an immune response. |
| blood type | designation based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on a person’s red blood cells; A, B, AB, and O are the most common blood types. |
| hemostasis | the stopping of a flow of blood. |
| vasoconstriction | to injury in a blood vessel. |
| enzyme | a substance in the body that speeds up a specific reaction. |
| cardiologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats heart conditions. |
| hematologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the blood. |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | a condition that occurs when the arteries that supply the heart muscle become narrowed, thickened, and hardened by the buildup of fatty deposits. |
| atherosclerosis | a hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels. |
| hypercholesterolemia | high cholesterol. |
| embolus | a blood clot or loosened plaque that travels from its original site and can block blood f low. |
| ischemia | condition in which an embolus blocks a coronary artery, resulting in a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle supplied by that vessel. |
| angina | chest pain, pressure, or discomfort. |
| cardiomyopathy | a condition in which the muscular layer of the heart is either enlarged or stretched out, making the heart unable to pump effectively. |
| pulmonary edema | fluid buildup in the lungs; can interfere with gas exchange. |
| congestive heart failure | a condition in which the heart muscle is damaged and is no longer able to pump effectively; causes blood to back up in various parts of the body. |
| sputum | mucus coughed up from the lungs. |
| dysrhythmia | difficult or abnormal heart rhythm; includes rhythms that are too fast, too slow, or originate in an area of the heart other than the sinoatrial node; sometimes commonly called arrhythmia. |
| atrial fibrillation | a common dysrhythmia that occurs when multiple sites fire in the atria; can cause blood to pool in the heart. |
| ventricular fibrillation | a dysrhythmia that occurs when multiple sites in the ventricles are firing at a very fast rate; can be lethal and requires immediate intervention. |
| congenital defect | a defect due to a problem that occurred before birth. |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium (the inner lining of the heart). |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium (the membrane that surrounds the heart). |
| aneurysm | a weak area in the wall of the artery. |
| peripheral vascular disease (PVD) | disease which legs, feet, arms, or hands don't have enough blood circulation due to injury or to fatty deposits in blood vessels that harden over time; causes cold legs, feet, arms, and hands, as well as pain, swelling, and ulcers of the legs and feet. |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a superficial vein caused by the formation of a clot. |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | a condition in which a blood clot forms deep under the skin, usually in the legs. |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | a blood clot or other blockage found in the lungs. |
| anemia | a condition in which a person has either too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in the blood. |
| sickle cell disease (SCD) | an inherited blood condition in which abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become deformed; these deformed cells can get stuck in blood vessels, causing pain and organ damage. |
| hemophilia | a disorder that can cause excessive bleeding. |
| thrombophilia | a general term for disorders that can cause excessive blood clotting. |
| prognosis | prediction about the outcome of an illness. |
| ambulatory monitoring | a type of EKG technology that can record or monitor a patient’s heart rate and rhythm over an extended period while the patient continues with normal life; Holter, event, and mobile telemetry monitors are examples. |
| echocardiography | diagnostic testing that uses sound waves to visualize the heart. |
| stress testing | diagnostic testing which uses EKG technology to evaluate how the heart functions under controlled stress. |
| aerobic exercise | exercise that increases breathing and heart rate. |
Created by:
cvis
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