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MA CH15 H1E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bone | rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton, protects organs, and allows the body to move. |
| hematopoiesis | the production of blood cells. |
| joint | the place at which two bones meet. |
| synovial joints | a type of joint that allows movement; it is surrounded by a cavity, called a bursa, that is filled with synovial fluid. |
| cartilaginous joint | a type of joint that does not have a joint cavity and is only slightly movable (e.g., the joints between vertebrae). |
| fibrous joint | a joint that does not allow movement (e.g., joints between cranial bones). |
| muscle | group of tissue that provides movement of body parts, protection of organs, and creation of heat. |
| fascia | a tough, sheet-like connective tissue that covers muscles. |
| cartilage | a flexible connective tissue that makes up the skeleton in an embryo and eventually becomes bone; cartilage is also present in some places in the adult body (e.g., in the nose and ears). |
| ossification | the process of hardening into bone. |
| orthopedic specialist | a physician who diagnoses and treats bone disorders. |
| rheumatologist | a physician who diagnoses and treats inflammatory and debilitating musculoskeletal |
| disorders. | |
| podiatrist | a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the feet. |
| osteoarthritis | a common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis. |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | a type of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities. |
| gout | a condition caused by the painful buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. |
| bursitis | inflammation of the sac that surrounds and protects the tendons (the bursa). |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendon and its connection to a muscle and/or a bone; may also be spelled tendonitis. |
| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia on the bottom of the foot. |
| orthotic | a device that supports a body part and/ or assists with mobility. |
| osteoporosis | a condition in which bones become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily. |
| osteomalacia | a condition in which the bones of adults lose their rigidity and soften; called rickets in children. |
| kyphosis | a condition in which the thoracic spine has an increased posterior curve. |
| lordosis | a condition in which the lumbar spine has an increased anterior curvature; also known as swayback. |
| scoliosis | an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. |
| strain | an injury caused by damage to tendons or muscles. |
| sprain | an injury caused by damage to ligaments, or the bands that connect bones. |
| dislocation | an injury that occurs when a bone is pulled out of its attachment point. |
| fracture | a broken bone. |
| closed fracture | a broken bone that does not break the skin. |
| open fracture | a broken bone that penetrates the skin; also known as a compound fracture. |
| displaced fracture | a fracture in which the broken bone has moved out of alignment. |
| nondisplaced fracture | a fracture in which the break remains in alignment. |
| greenstick fracture | a partial fracture common in young children due to the softer structure of their bones. |
| atrophy | the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use. |
| contracture | the permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to a lack of activity. |
| fibromyalgia | a chronic condition of pain and tenderness of the muscles and joints. |
| myasthenia gravis | a condition in which impulses from the nerves are not transmitted properly to the musculoskeletal system; causes muscle weakness. |
| muscular dystrophy (MD) | term referring to a number of progressive diseases that cause a variety of physical disabilities due to muscle weakness. |
| progressive | in health care, a word to describe a condition that continually gets worse or deteriorates. |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | a progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy (wasting) and eventually leads to death. |
| amputation | the surgical removal of some or all of a body part. |
| prosthetic device | a device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect. |
| phantom sensation | warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated. |
| phantom limb pain | pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated. |
| gait | how a person walks. |
| goniometer | an instrument used to measure the range of motion of a joint. |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one side of the body. |
| hemiparesis | weakness on one side of the body. |
| thermotherapy | the application of heat to an affected area for the relief of pain. |
| cryotherapy | the application of cold to an affected area for the relief of pain. |
| range of motion (ROM) exercises | an exercise that puts a joint through its full arc of motion. |
| arthrocentesis | a procedure during which fluid is removed (aspirated) from a joint. |
| arthroscopy | a procedure performed to visualize a joint. |
| electromyogram (EMG) | a procedure performed to test a muscle’s response to a nerve stimulus. |
| carbohydrate | nutrient that is broken down in the body for energy. |
| calcium | a mineral vital to maintaining the structure and strength of bones; also essential to proper cardiac function and blood clotting. |
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