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MA CH05 H1E
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| infection prevention | the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease. |
| infection | the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying. |
| pathogen | a microorganism capable of causing infection and disease. |
| localized infection | an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. |
| systemic infection | an infection that travels through the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms. |
| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | an infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. |
| chain of infection | a way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another. |
| causative agent | a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease. |
| reservoir | a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies. |
| portal of exit | any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. |
| mode of transmission | the method of describing how a pathogen travels. |
| direct contact | a way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or their secretions. |
| indirect contact | a way of transmitting pathogens from touching an object contaminated by the infected person. |
| portal of entry | any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. |
| mucous membranes | the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals. |
| susceptible host | an uninfected person who could become sick. |
| transmission | passage or transfer. |
| infectious | contagious. |
| medical asepsis | measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens. |
| surgical asepsis | the state of being completely free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique. |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job. |
| Standard Precautions | a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectious disease. |
| sharps | collective term for needles and other sharp objects. |
| hand hygiene | washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs. |
| personal protective equipment (PPE) | equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. |
| invasive procedures | a procedure that involves inserting a foreign object into a patient’s body. |
| don | to put on |
| doff | to remove |
| Transmission-Based Precautions | a method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or may be infected with certain infectious diseases. |
| Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) | microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment. |
| isolate | to keep something separate, or by itself. |
| bloodborne pathogen | a microorganism found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans. |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | the final stage of HIV infection, in which infections, tumors, and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection. |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and gradually disables it; eventually can cause AIDS. |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma. |
| Bloodborne Pathogens Standard | federal law that requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from bloodborne health hazards. |
| engineering controls | features incorporated in medical devices to make their use less hazardous. |
| exposure control plan | a plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material. |
| disinfection | a process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious. |
| sterilization | a cleaning measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores. |
Created by:
cvis
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