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Ch 11 All
Med Term Chapter 11 Endocrine System - Combining Forms, Prefix/Suffix, Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| edema | excessive fluid in body tissues |
| exophthalmos | protruding eyeballs; a sign of excessive thyroid hormone |
| glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| gynecomastia | development of breast tissue in males |
| hirsutism | excessive amount of hair; a sign of a hormone imbalance |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood; a sign of hypersecretion of P T H |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hypersecretion | excessive hormone production by endocrine gland |
| hypocalcemia | insufficient calcium in the blood; a sign of insufficient parathyroid hormone |
| hypoglycemia | insufficient sugar in the blood |
| hyponatremia | insufficient sodium in the blood |
| hyposecretion | insufficient hormone production by endocrine gland |
| obesity | having an abnormal amount of body fat |
| polydipsia | excessive feeling of thirst |
| polyuria | producing an excessive amount of urine |
| thyromegaly | enlarged thyroid gland |
| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones; symptoms include increased pigmentation, generalized weakness, and weight loss |
| Cushing's syndrome | set of symptoms caused by excessive cortisol levels; presents with weakness, edema, excessive hair growth, skin discoloration, and osteoporosis |
| pheochromocytoma | Usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes excessive secretion of epinephrine; leads to anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, and headache |
| diabetes mellitus (D M) | A chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria; there are two distinct forms—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (I D D M, type 1) and non-insulin-dependent (N I D D M, type 2) |
| diabetic retinopathy | Secondary complication of diabetes that affects blood vessels of the retina; includes hemorrhages, tiny aneurysms, swelling of the macula lutea, and cotton wool spots; results in visual changes and potentially blindness |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (I D D M, type 1 DM) | pancreas stops insulin production; occurs early in life; patient must take daily insulin injections |
| ketoacidosis | excess of acidic ketone bodies; serious complication of diabetes mellitus |
| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (N I D D M, type 2 DM) | pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin and cells fail to respond; occurs later in life; patient takes oral hypoglycemics and may eventually need insulin injections |
| peripheral neuropathy | damage to nerves in lower legs and hands secondary to diabetes mellitus |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| Graves' disease | overactive thyroid; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter |
| hyperthyroidism | hypersecretion of thyroid hormones |
| hypothyroidism | hyposecretion of thyroid hormones |
| myxedema | hyposecretion of the thyroid in an adult; symptoms include swollen facial features, edema, anemia, and drowsiness |
| thyrotoxicosis | marked hypersecretion of the thyroid gland; symptoms include rapid heart rate, tremors, thyromegaly, and weight loss |
| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone; results in high blood calcium levels |
| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone; results in low blood calcium levels |
| tetany | nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps due to hypocalcemia |
| acromegaly | chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults; causes enlargement of bones of the head and extremities |
| diabetes insipidus (D I) | hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia |
| dwarfism | hyposecretion of growth hormone in children; causes short stature |
| gigantism | hypersecretion of growth hormone in child or adolescent; results in very tall stature |
| hyperpituitarism | hypersecretion of one or more pituitary hormones |
| hypopituitarism | hyposecretion of one or more pituitary hormones |
| blood serum test | measures blood levels of substances like calcium, glucose, and hormones |
| fasting blood sugar (F B S) | measures glucose in the bloodstream after a 12-hour fast |
| glucose tolerance test (G T T) | measures blood sugar level over several hours after person is given a large dose of glucose |
| protein-bound iodine test (P B I) | Measures T4 blood level; iodine in the hormone becomes bound to blood proteins |
| hemoglobin A 1 c test (H b A 1 C) | Blood test estimates amount of glucose in bloodstream over the past 3 months; when blood glucose levels are continuously high, excess glucose attaches to hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells; helps to detect and monitor diabetes mellitus |
| thyroid function test (T F T) | measures levels of T3, T4 and T S H in blood |
| radioactive iodine uptake test (R I U, R A I U) | Nuclear medicine procedure in which patient drinks a solution containing radioactive iodine; then scanning equipment visualizes the thyroid gland; image produced is thyroid scan |
| glucometer | instrument used to measure the amount of glucose in the bloodstream |
| hormone replacement therapy (H R T) | artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders |
| acr/o | extremities |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o; adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| andr/o | male |
| calc/o | calcium |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| chem/o | drug |
| cortic/o | outer layer |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| cyt/o | cell |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| gluc/o | glucose |
| glyc/o; glycos/o | sugar |
| gonad/o | sex glands |
| gynec/o | female |
| hem/o | blood |
| immun/o | protection |
| kal/i | potassium |
| ket/o | ketones |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| lob/o | lobe |
| mast/o | breast |
| mineral/o | minerals, electrolytes |
| natr/o | sodium |
| neur/o | nerve |
| ophthalm/o | eye |
| or/o | mouth |
| oste/o | bone |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland |
| pineal/o | pineal gland |
| pituit/o, pituitar/o | pituitary gland |
| radi/o | ray |
| retin/o | retina |
| somat/o | body |
| testicul/o | testes |
| thym/o | thymus |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| anti- | against |
| endo- | within |
| ex- | outward |
| hyper- | excessive |
| hypo- | insufficient |
| pan- | all |
| poly- | many |
| post- | after |
| –dipsia | thirst |
| -edema | swelling |
| –emic | pertaining to a blood condition |
| -globin | protein |
| -megaly | enlarged |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -prandial | pertaining to a meal |
| –tropic | pertaining to stimulating |
| –tropin | to stimulate |
| -uria | urine condition |
Created by:
alavance
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