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Ch 6 Terms
Med Term: Ch 6 Blood/Immune & Lymphatic - Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| erythrocytes (eh-RITH-roh-sights) | red blood cells |
| leukocytes (LOO-koh-sights) | white blood cells |
| thrombocytes | platelets(PLAYT-lets); clotting cells |
| plasma (PLAZ-mah) | liquid part of the blood |
| hematopoiesis (hee-mah-toh-poy-EE-sis) | The process of making new blood cells. |
| albumin (al-BYOO-min) | A protein in the blood |
| amino acids (ah-MEE-noh) | building blocks of proteins |
| calcium (KAL-see-um) | mineral needed for strong bones, muscle movement, and blood clotting |
| creatinine (kree-AT-in-in) | waste product made by muscles that is removed by the kidneys. |
| fibrinogen (fye-BRIN-oh-jen) | blood protein that helps form blood clots |
| gamma globulin (GAM-ah / GLOB-yoo-lin) | blood protein that contains antibodies and helps fight infection |
| globulins (GLOB-yoo-lins) | group of blood proteins that help with immunity |
| glucose (GLOO-kohs) | type of sugar that is the body's main source of energy |
| plasma proteins | Proteins found in plasma that help with clotting, immunity, and fluid balance |
| potassium (poh-TASS-ee-um) | mineral that helps nerves, muscles, and the heart work properly. |
| sodium | mineral that helps control fluid balance and nerve function |
| urea (yoo-REE-ah) | waste product formed when the body breaks down protein |
| bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin) | yellow waste product produced when old red blood cells are broken down. |
| hemoglobin (hee-moh-GLOH-bin) | protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen |
| agranulocytes (ah-GRAN-yoo-loh-sights) | without granules in the cytoplasm |
| granulocytes (GRAN-yoo-loh-sights) | with granules in the cytoplasm |
| pathogens (PATH-oh-jenz) | disease causing microorganisms |
| basophils (BAY-soh-fillz) | WBC (allergic and inflammatory) |
| eosinophils (ee-oh-SIN-oh-fillz) | WBC (fight parasites and allergic reactions) |
| neutrophils (NOO-troh-fillz) | WBC (1st line of defense against bacterial infections) |
| monocytes (MON-oh-sights) | WBC (engulf and destroy germs and dead cells) |
| lymphocytes (LIM-foh-sights) | WBC (help immune system recognize and fight infection) |
| agglutinate (ah-GLOO-tih-nayt) | To clump (stick) together |
| fibrin (FYE-brin) | protein that forms a mesh to help create a blood clot |
| hemostasis (hee-moh-STAY-sis) | The process of stopping bleeding |
| prothrombin (proh-THROM-bin) | A blood protein that is converted into thrombin during clotting |
| thrombin (THROM-bin) | An enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen into fibrin to form a blood clot. |
| thrombocyte (THROM-boh-sight) | platelet (clotting cell) |
| thromboplastin (throm-boh-PLAS-tin) | substance released by damaged tissues that helps start the blood-clotting process. |
| phagocyte | WBC (surrounds and destroys germs, foreign substances, and dead cells.)/ Monocytes |
| phagocytosis | The process by which a phagocyte engulfs and digests germs, foreign particles, or dead cells. |
| hematology | The study of (branch of medicine) diseases and conditions of the blood. |
| phlebotomy | Involves puncture of (cutting into) a vein in order to remove blood (venipuncture) |
| acidosis | Abnormal condition where p H of blood is too low (too acidic) |
| alkalosis | Abnormal condition where p H of blood is too high (too alkaline) |
| coagulate | to convert a liquid to a solid, as in blood clotting |
| dyscrasia | general term for disease affecting blood |
| hematoma | collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessels |
| hemorrhage | blood flowing out of a vessel |
| thrombus | a hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the result of the blood-clotting process |
| hemophilia | genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor |
| pancytopenia | having too few of all blood cells |
| septicemia | having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning |
| anemia | group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of R B C s or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues |
| aplastic anemia | severe anemia; red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant |
| erythrocytosis | condition of having too many R B C s |
| erythropenia | condition of having too few R B C s |
| hemolytic anemia | results from destruction of R B C s |
| iron-deficiency anemia | results from an insufficient amount of iron to make hemoglobin for R B C s |
| pernicious anemia (P A) | insufficient absorption of vitamin B sub 12 ; unable to make enough R B C s |
| polycythemia vera | condition of having too many R B C s; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly |
| sickle cell anemia | genetic disorder where R B C s take on abnormal sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia |
| thalassemia | genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce functioning hemoglobin |
| leukemia | cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature W B C s circulating in bloodstream |
| leukocytosis | condition of having too many W B C s |
| leukopenia | condition of having too few W B C s |
| thrombocytopenia | condition of having too few platelets |
| thrombocytosis | condition of having too many platelets |
| blood culture and sensitivity (C&S) | incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them |
| complete blood count (C B C) | set of tests that includes R B C count, W B C count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count |
| erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E S R) | determines the rate at which R B C s settle in a test tube |
| hematocrit (H C T, H c t, crit) | measures volume of R B C s |
| hemoglobin (H g b, h b, H G B) | measures amount of hemoglobin present |
| metabolic panel | A group of 8 (called basic metabolic panel [B M P]) or 14 (called comprehensive metabolic panel [C M P]) separate blood tests to obtain information about body’s chemical balance, metabolism, and kidney and liver health |
| platelet count | determines the number of platelets |
| prothrombin time (pro-time, P T) | measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot |
| red blood cell count (R B C) | measures the number of red blood cells |
| type and cross-match | two blood tests performed before a blood transfusion |
| white blood cell count (W B C) | measures the number of white blood cells |
| white blood cell differential (diff) | determines the number of each variety of white blood cell |
| bone marrow aspiration | sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia |
| blood transfusion | artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream |
| bone marrow transplant (B M T) | patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient's own bone marrow has been destroyed |
| packed red cells | transfusion of only red blood cells without plasma |
| plasmapheresis | removal of whole blood, followed by separation of plasma from formed elements; formed elements are returned to the patient with donor plasma |
| platelet-rich plasma therapy | Method of removing plasma from body without depleting formed elements |
| whole blood | transfusion that is a mixture of both plasma and formed elements |
| lymph (LIMF) | clear fluid that carries infection-fighting cells throughout the body |
| lymph nodes | Small glands that filter lymph and help fight infection |
| lymphatic vessels (lim-FAT-ik) | Tubes that carry lymph throughout the body. |
| spleen | organ that filters blood, removes old blood cells, and helps fight infection. |
| thymus gland (THIGH-mus) | organ where certain immune cells mature |
| tonsils (TAHN-sulls) | Lymphatic tissues in the throat that help trap germs. |
| adenoids (AD-eh-noydz) | Lymphatic tissues behind the nose that help fight infection. |
| pharynx (FAIR-inks) | The throat; |
| macrophages (MAK-roh-fay-jez) | Large white blood cells that engulf and destroy germs and debris. |
| acquired immunity | Protection against disease that develops after birth. |
| active acquired immunity | Immunity developed after exposure to a disease or vaccination. |
| bacteria (bak-TEE-ree-ah) | Single-celled microorganisms; some can cause disease. |
| cancerous tumors | Abnormal masses of cells that grow uncontrollably and can spread. |
| fungi (FUN-jeye) | Organisms such as molds and yeasts that can cause infections |
| immune response | body's reaction to foreign substances or germs. |
| immunity (im-YOO-nih-tee) | The body's ability to resist disease. |
| immunizations (im-yoo-nih-ZAY-shuns) | vaccines; |
| natural immunity | Immunity present at birth or developed naturally after infection |
| passive acquired immunity | Temporary immunity received from another source, such as antibodies from a mother or an injection |
| protozoans (proh-toh-ZOH-anz) | Single-celled organisms, some of which can cause disease. |
| toxins | Harmful substances |
| vaccinations (vak-sih-NAY-shuns) | Administration of vaccines |
| viruses | infectious agents that can only reproduce inside living cells. |
| antibody (AN-tih-bod-ee) | protein made by the immune system that attacks specific antigens. |
| antibody-mediated immunity | Immunity provided by antibodies produced by B cells. |
| antigen–antibody complex | structure formed when an antibody attaches to an antigen. |
| antigens (AN-tih-jens) | Foreign substances that trigger an immune response. |
| B cells | Immune cells that produce antibodies. |
| B lymphocytes | Another name for B cells. |
| cell-mediated immunity | Immunity that uses T cells to destroy infected or abnormal cells. |
| cellular immunity | cell-mediated immunity. |
| cytotoxic (sigh-toh-TOK-sik) | Toxic to cells; capable of destroying cells. |
| humoral immunity (HYOO-mor-al) | Immunity provided by antibodies circulating in body fluids. |
| immunoglobulin (Ig) (im-yoo-noh-GLOB-yoo-lin) | an antibody |
| natural killer (NK) cells | Immune cells that destroy infected and cancerous cells. |
| pathogenic (path-oh-JEN-ik) | Capable of causing disease |
| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | An infection acquired while receiving healthcare treatment. |
| nosocomial infection (noh-soh-KOH-mee-al) | Another term for a healthcare-associated infection |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | The federal agency responsible for promoting workplace safety and health. |
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