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Chapter 5
Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| an/o | anus |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| celi/o | belly/abdomen |
| cheil/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| dent/i | tooth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | intestines, usuallly small intestines |
| faci/o | face |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| labi/o | lip |
| mandibular/o | lower jaw |
| odont/o | tooth |
| palat/o | anus and rectum |
| pylori/o | pyloric sphincter |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| uvula/o | uvula |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bili/o | bile |
| bilirubin/o | bilirubin (bile pigment) |
| chole/o | bile or gall |
| chlorhyde/0 | hydrochloric acid |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar |
| glycogen/o | glycogen animal starch |
| prote/o | protein |
| py/o | pus |
| sial/o | salivary saliva |
| steat/o | fat |
| -checia | defecation elimination of waste |
| -iasis | abnormal condition |
| -prandial | meal |
| Acites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen ABNORMAL XTRA FLUID ABDOMEN |
| Borborygmi | (singular:borborygmus) Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by movement of gas fluid or both in the gi tract. GAS NOISE IN GI TRACT |
| Dysphagia | HARD SWALLOWING |
| Eructation | Gas expelled From Stomache |
| Hematochezia | passage of fresh bright red blood from the rectum RECTUM SENDS OUT RED BLOOD |
| juandice | yellow orange coloration caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood YELLOW FROM HIGH LEVEL BILIRUBIN IN BLOOD |
| Melena | black tarry stool, feces containing digested blood FECES WITH DIGESTED BLOOD /BLACK STOOLS |
| Steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy; foul-smelling fecal matter FAT IN FOUL SMELLING FECES |
| Aphthous | inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers ITIS MOUTH WITH PAIN & ULCERS |
| Dental Caries | tooth decay |
| Herpetic stomatitis | herpes making mouth inflammed |
| oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches |
| peridontial disease | inflammation and degeneration of the gums teeth and surrounding bone |
| achalasia | failure of lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax |
| esophageal cancer | malignant tumor of the esophagus |
| gastric carcinoma | malignant tumor in the stomache |
| esophageal varices | swollen |
| gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD) | Reflux disease return to the mouth from the stomach |
| Peptic ulcers | open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum STOMACH OR DUODENUM W/ OPEN SORE OR LESION |
| Hernia | protrusion of an organ part through the muscle normally containing it. MUSCLE NOT CONTAINING ORGAN ANYMORE |
| Anal Fistula | abnormal tubelike like passageway through the anus |
| Colonic polyposis | polyps protrude from the mucus membrane of the colon POLYPS COMING OUT OF COLON MUSCUS MEMBRANE |
| Colorectal Cancer | adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both |
| Crohn Disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract |
| Divericulosis | Abnormal side pockets (outpuching) in the intestinal wall |
| Dysentery | painful inflammed intestinges |
| hemorroids | swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region |
| ileus | failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestine |
| inflammation bowel disease (IBS) | inflammation of the colon and small intestine |
| The digestive gastro intestinal system performs these 4 FUCTIONS: (name the four) | ingestion digestion absorption elimination |
| The digestive system turn WHAT INTO WHAT NUTRIENTS using enzymes (name the 3) | proteins > amino acids sugars > glucose fat > fatty acids or triglycerides |
| Disgested food passes into the __________through the ____________ of the ________intestines | bloodstream lining cells small intestines |
| ____ burn ________ to release the energy stored in food | Cells Nutrients |
| The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into __________. The ________ intestines ___________feces. The waste passes out of the body through the anus. | bloodstream large concentrate |
| The gastrointestinal tract begins with the _______ cavitie | oral |
| Name the 13 items within the oral cavitie: | 1. cheeks 2. lips 3. hard palate 4. soft palate 5. rague 6. uvula 7. tongue 8. papilae 9. tongue 10. tongue 11. gums 12. teeth 13. Pharynx |
| Anatomical Terms of the DIgestive tract (name all 16) | `1. Espohagus 2. stomach 3. duodenum 4. liver 5. gaallbladder 6. pancreas 7. jejunum 8. ileum 9. cecum 10. appendix 11. ascending 12. transverse colon 13. descending colon 14. sigmoid colon 15. rectum 16. anus |
| Name the 8 parts of the Large intestine | 1. cecum 2. appendix 3. ascending colon 4. descending colon 5. sigmoid colon 6. transverse colon 7. rectum 8. anus |
| parts of the liver gallbladder and pancreas (NAME ALL 6) | 1. liver 2. gallbladder 3. pancreas 4. common bile duct 5. pancreaticduct 6. duodenum |
| Besides producing ___ the liver helps maintain normal ______ levels It also manufactures _______ necessary for ____________ Releases _________ a pigment in ______ Removes _____ and _____ in the blood | Normal ;Glucose blood proteins ; clotting bilirubin; bile toxins; poisons |
| Amino ACid | small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are DIGESTED |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch anus |
| appendix | blind pouch hanging from the cecum |
| bile digestive juice | made in the lower stored in the gallbladder, breaks up large fat globules, composed of bile pigments, cholestrol, and bile salts |
| bilirubin | pigment released by the liver in bile |
| canine teeth | pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors, also called cuspids or eyeteeth |
| colon | consist of the ascendidng, transverse, descending, and sigmond segments. |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum, also called the choledechus |
| defection | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| deglutition | elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dentin | primary material found in teeth, covered by the enamel in the crown and the protective layer of cementum in the root. |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine, measures, 12 inches longs |
| emulsification | physical process of breaking up large far globules into smaller globules |
| enamel | hard outermost layer of a tooth |
| enzyme | chemical that speeds up reactions between substances |
| esophagus | tube connecting throat to the stomach |
| fatty acids | substance produces when fats are digested a category of lipids |
| feces | solid wastes, stool |
| gallbladder | small sac under the liver stores bile |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver cell |
| hydrocholoric acid is a substance that produces in the _____________ and is necessary for the ________ of ___________. | stomach digestion food |
| ileum is the ______ part of the __________ | third intestine |
| insulin is a _________ produced by the __________cells of the __________; transports _________ from the _______into the cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver | Hormone endocrine pancreas sugar blood |
| incisor is one of the 4 _________ __________ in the dental _______ | front teeth arch |
| jejunum is the ________ Part of the small_ ________ | Second Intestines |
| lipase is a ______ enzyme needed to digest _______ | pacreatic enzyme fats |
| liver has what 6 functions? | 1. secretes bile 2. stores sugar 3. stores iron and vitamins 4. produces blood & proteins 5. destroys worn out RBCs 6. filters out toxins |
| How much does a normal adult liver weight | 2 1/2 to 3 pounds |
| What is the liver? | large organ |
| lower esoophageal sphincter (LES)? | ring of muscles between the esophagus and stomach |
| masticulation> | chewing |
| molar teeth ? | 6th 7th and 8th teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch.. |
| palate? | roof of the mouth |
| pancreas ? | organ behind the stomach; produces insulin and enxymes |
| papillae? | (singular, papilla) small, projections on the tongue |
| parotid gland? | salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear |
| pharynx? | throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth for air from the nose |
| portal vein? | large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines |
| protease? | enzyme that digest protein |
| pulp? | soft tissue within a tooth continuing nerves blood vessel |
| pyloric sphincter ? | ring of muscle at the end of the stomach near the duodenum, opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it |
| rectum? | last section of the large intestine, connecting to the end of the colon and the anus |
| rague? | ridges on the harde palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva? | digestive juice produced by salivary gland, contains the enzyme amylase |
| ?salivary gland? | parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands |
| sigmoid colon? | fourth and last 5 shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum, empties into the rectum |
| sphincter?? | circular ring to muscles that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening |
| stomach is a muscle organ that receives food from the _________ | esophagus |
| triglycerdes??? | fat molecules composed of 3 parts of fatty acids and one part glycerol subgroup of lipids |
| uvula is soft tissue handing from where? | the middle of the soft palate |
| villi MEANS WHAT? | (singular: villus) microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. ABSORBS NUTRIENTS IN BLOOD |
| A liver is located where? | in the RUQ of the abdomen |
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