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MED203 ECPI
MED203 CH06 KEY TERMS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| MED203 CH06 KEY TERMS | |
| Ablation (ă•’blā•shǝn) | Removal of a body part or function by chemical destruction, physical destruction, or surgery. |
| Acetabulum (ăs”ĕ•tăb’ū•lŭm) | Rounded cavity on the outer surface of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur. |
| Alveoli (ăl•vē’ō•lī) | The microscopic air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. |
| Anastomosis (ă•năs”tō•mō’sĭs) | Surgical, traumatic, or pathological formation of a connection between two normally separate tubular structures or organs in the body. |
| Anoxia (ăn•ŏk’sē•ă) | Absence of oxygen. |
| Arrhythmias (ă•rĭth’mē•ăz) | Irregularities in the force or rhythm of heart action caused by disturbances in the discharge of cardiac impulses from the heart’s sinoatrial node or their transmission through the heart’s conductile tissue. |
| Atelectasis (ăt”ĕ•lĕk’tă•sĭs) | In a neonate, the failure of the lung to completely expand at birth; generally, a collapsed lung. The collapse may be complete or partial. |
| Auscultation (aws”kŭl•tā’shŭn) | Listening to sounds produced by the internal organs or other body parts for diagnostic purposes. |
| Bronchioles (brong’kē•ŏlz) | One of the many smaller passages conveying air to the lung. |
| Cardiomegaly (kăr”dē•ō•mĕg’ă•lē) | Increase in the volume of the heart or the size of the heart muscle tissue. |
| Chiari malformation (kē•ār’ē măl•for•mā’shŭn) | A condition in which the inferior poles of the cerebellar hemispheres and the medulla protrude through the foramen magnum into the spinal canal. It is one of the causes of hydrocephalus and is usually accompanied by spina bifida cystica and meningomyelocele. Also called Arnold-Chiari deformity. |
| Chyme (kīm) | Nearly liquid mixture, composed of partially digested food and gastric secretions, that is found in the stomach and duodenum during digestion of a meal. |
| Claudication (klaw•dĭ•kā’shŭn) | Lameness; limping. |
| Cyanosis (sī•ăn•ō’sĭs) | Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increased proportion of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. |
| Ductus arteriosus (dŭk’tŭs ăr•tē”rē•ō’sĭs) | Connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the fetus; it allows most of the blood pumped by the left ventricle to bypass the lungs (which do not function in the fetus) and enter the systemic circulation. In some infants, the connection persists after birth; the condition is known as patent ductus arteriosus. |
| Dystonia (dĭs•tō’nē•ă) | Prolonged muscular contractions that may cause twisting (torsion) of body parts, repetitive movements, and increased muscular tone. |
| Electrophysiology (i•’lek•trō•’fi•zē•’ä•lǝ•jē) | The study of the relationships of body functions to electrical phenomena. |
| Epigastrium (ĕp’ĭ•găs’trē•ŭm) | The region of the abdomen over the pit of the stomach. |
| Epistaxis (ĕp”ĭ•stăk’sĭs) | Hemorrhage from the nose; a nosebleed. |
| Excoriated (ĕk•skŏr’ē•āt•ĕd) | Roughened |
| Fontanel (fŏn•tă•nĕl) | Incompletely ossified space or soft spot between the cranial bones of the skull of a fetus or infant. |
| Ganglion (găng’lē•ŏn) | Mass of nerve like cell bodies lying outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| Hematuria (hē’mă•tū’rē•ă) | Blood in the urine. |
| Hydronephrosis (hī”drō•nĕf•rō’sĭs) | Swelling of the renal pelvis of the kidney with urine due to obstructed outflow. |
| Hydroureter (hī”drō•ū•rē’tĕr) | Distention of the ureter with fluid due to obstructed outflow. |
| Hypertrophy (hī•pĕr’trŏ•fē) | Increase in size or volume of an organ or other body structure that is produced entirely by an increase in the size of existing cells, not by an increase in the number of cells. |
| Lumen (lū’mĕn) | Space within an artery, vein, intestine, or other tubular structure. |
| Meconium (mĭ-kō’nē•ĕm) | First feces of a newborn infant, made of salts, amniotic fluid, mucus, bile, and epithelial cells. The substance is greenish black, almost odorless, and tarry. |
| Meninges (mĕn•ĕn’jēz) | Three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. |
| Microcephaly (mī”krō•sĕf’ă•lē) | Abnormally small head. |
| Nephrectomy (nĕf•rĕk’tō•mē) | Removal of a kidney. |
| Nevus (nē’vŭs) | Birthmark or mole; congenital discoloration of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or vascular tumor. |
| Nystagmus (nĭs•tăg’mŭs) | Rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyeball. |
| Parasympathetic (păr “ă•sĭm”pă•thĕt’ĭk) | Referring to a portion of the automatic (involuntary) nervous system. Activity of the parasympathetic nerves produces effects such as constriction of the pupil of the eye and slowed heart rate. |
| Peristalsis (pĕr•ĭ•stăl’sĭs) | Involuntary wavelike contraction occurring along the walls of the hollow tubes of the body, especially the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. |
| Reflux (rē’flŭks) | Flowing back or return flow of fluid or other matter. |
| Resection (rē•sĕk’shŭn) | Excision. |
| Septum (sĕp’tŭm) | Any wall between two cavities; for example, the atrial septum divides the right and left atria of the heart. |
| Tachycardia (tăk”ē•kăr’dē•ă) | Abnormally rapid heartbeat, generally defined as exceeding 100 beats per minute. |
| Tachypnea (tăk•ĭp•nē’ă) | Abnormal, very rapid breathing. |
| Teratogen (tĕr•ăt’ō•jĭn) | Anything that adversely affects normal cellular development in the embryo or fetus. It may be certain chemicals, some therapeutic and illicit drugs, radiation, and intrauterine viral infections. |
| Toxemia (tŏk•sē’mē•ă) | Condition in which poisonous products of body cells at a local source of infection or derived from the growth of microorganisms are spread throughout the body in the blood. |
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