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quick notey dotes
muscles MED1:
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| striated muscles | skeletal and cardiac |
| non striated muscles | smooth |
| what changes length when muscle contracts | I band decreases and length of sarcomere decreases |
| order of mysium size (biggest to smallest) | epi - peri - endo |
| type I fibres | more mitochondria |
| type II fibres | oxidative capacity |
| satellite cells + FAP (fibro adipogenic progenitors) | muscle stem cells for repair and regenerative capacity where FAP secrete trophic factors which stimulate satellite cells to regenerate muscle fibres |
| types of neuroglia | satellite cells, schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells |
| satellite cells | surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia and regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia |
| schwann cells | surround axons in PNS responsible for myelination of peripheral axons and participate in repair process after injury |
| oligodendrocytes | myelinate CNS axons providing structural framework |
| astrocytes | maintain BBB providing structural support and regulate ion nutrient and dissolved gas concentrations and absorb and recycle neurotransmitters and form scar tissue after injury |
| microglia | remove cell debris wastes pathogens via phagocytosis |
| ependymal cells | line ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord) and assist in producing circulating and monitoring of CSF |
| white matter | axons of nerve cells associated glial cells and blood vessels |
| gray matter | neuronal cell bodies dendrites initial unmyelinated portions of axons and glial cells |
| grey matter in brain | outer layer |
| GPCRs G protein coupled receptors | has seven transmembrane domains and binds extracellular substances and transmits signals from them to intracellular G protein and activates it |
| GPCR drug examples | angiotensin receptor 1 blockers eg losartan to lower BP H2 histamine receptor antagonist B blockers eg labetolol epineprhine/ adrenaline opioid agonist |
| G proteins | special proteins ability to bind nucleotide GTP and GDP, where activated G protein in turn triggers production of second messengers which then themselves change in metabolism or gene expression |
| phasic smooth muscle | rhythmic or intermittent activity - single unit smooth muscle cells contract in response to AP that propagate from cell to cell |
| tonic smooth muscle | continuously active - multiunit muscle |
| single sheet smooth muscles | arterioles and airways - circularly orientated tonically maintains vessel diameter to control flow and pressure |
| multiple sheet smooth muscles | two sheets perpendicular to each other longitudinal and circular layers vary in diameter and length eg peristalsis |
| single unit smooth muscles | myogenic AP propagate between cells fibres act in unison regulated and initatiated by ANS |
| multi unit smooth muscles | neurogenic (rely on neuron to contract) muscle fibres structurally independent contraction does not spread from cell to cell receive stimuli from ANS or hormones (not stretching) eg bronchi or large arteries |
| difference in contractile force of skeletal and smooth | smooth can stretch smaller and longer than skeletal |
Created by:
kablooey
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