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WEEK 9:
The fed state:**
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when is the well fed state | 2-4 hour period after a normal meal |
| difference in states of fed and starved state | fed is anabolic but starved is catabolic |
| oxidation or storage is determined by | insulin/ glucagon ratio |
| digestion of carbohydrates | Begins in mouth - α-amylase Continues in small intestine - pancreatic amylase |
| absorption and transportation of carbohydrates | Monosaccharides absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells Transported to the liver through the hepatic portal vein |
| proteins cleaved by | pepsin in the stomach |
| where are proteolytic pancreatic enzymes | small intestine |
| examples of proteolytic enzymes | trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase A and carboxypeptidase B) |
| amino acids are absorbed and released where | intestinal epithelial cells and released into hepatic portal veins |
| is there amino acid storage | NOO- free amino acids are absorbed from blood used for protein synthesis and biosynthesis eg neurotransmitters and heme and carbon skeleton may be oxidised |
| major lipids of diet | TAGs (triacylglycerols) |
| fats arent soluble so what happens | emulsified by bile salts and pancreatic lipase converts them to fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerols forming micelles contacting with bile salts |
| bile salts are made and stored where | made in liver and stored in gall bladder |
| where are fatty acids absorbed | into intestinal epithelial cells and then reformed into TAGs |
| TAGs combine with what to make chylomicrons | proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol |
| chylomicrons secreted where | into lymphatic system to enter blood stream via thoracic duct |
| in the liver, TAGs combine with proteins and phospholipids to make | VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) |
| importance of liver | regulate fluctuations in substrate supplies for cells and takes up carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids to be metabolised stored and re routed |
| hepatocytes | have GLUT2 in membrane which has high Km (need a lot of glucose before liver takes it up) allowing organs such as brain priority access to glucose |
| what happens in the fed state (plenty of glucose) |
Created by:
kablooey
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